Can External Radiotransmitters Be Used to Assess Body Temperature and Torpor in Bats?

Barclay, Robert M. R.; Kalcounis, Matina C.; Crampton, Lisa H.; Stefan, Carol I.; Vonhof, Maarten J.; Wilkinson, Lisa.; Brigham, R. Mark

doi:10.2307/1382791

Cited by 130 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For threatened species or populations, surgical procedures for transmitter implantation may pose too great a risk. In these cases, T sk must be measured as a proxy for T b and can yield valuable data if its limitations are taken into account (Barclay et al 1996;Audet and Thomas 1996;Willis and Brigham 2003;Dausmann et al 2005). Measurements of T sk may be affected by both T a and BM because of the influence of both variables on thermal conductance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the torpor threshold, effects of T a in particular will probably be larger for values of T sk-onset than for those of T b-onset . External transmitters are subject to ambient heating and cooling, which can result in differentials of 6ЊC or more during steady T Ϫ T b s k state normothermia, and the magnitude of these differentials is influenced by T a (Barclay et al 1996;Audet and Thomas 1996;Willis and Brigham 2003;McKechnie et al 2007). To my knowledge there are no published time course data depicting concurrent traces of T sk and MR from which values for T sk-onset could be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if it tends to be cool during the study, an animal may spend most of that time at a lower normothermic T b , but measurements obtained on a few hot days, during which T b is regulated at higher levels, will skew the distribution (Refinetti 1997;Aujard and Vasseur 2001). Measurements of T sk may be especially sensitive to these kinds of effects because of the potential influence of T a on external temperaturesensitive radiotransmitters (Barclay et al 1996;Audet and Body Temperature Threshold for Torpor 645 Thomas 1996; Willis and Brigham 2003;McKechnie et al 2007). Even differences in foraging success on different days could influence the shape of the distribution because the heat increment of feeding can affect T b variation within the normothermic range (e.g., Campbell et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Energy‐Based Body Temperature Threshold between Torpor and Normothermia for Small Mammals

Willis

2007

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Field studies of use of torpor by heterothermic endotherms suffer from the lack of a standardized threshold differentiating torpid body temperatures (T b ) from normothermic T b 's. This threshold can be more readily observed if metabolic rate (MR) is measured in the laboratory. I digitized figures from the literature that depicted simultaneous traces of MR and T b from 32 respirometry runs for 14 mammal species. For each graph, I quantified the T b measured when MR first began to drop at the onset of torpor (T b-onset ). I used a general linear model to quantify the effect of ambient temperature (T a ) and body mass (BM) on T b-onset . For species lighter than 70 g, the model was highly significant and was described by the equation . This approach provides a standardized (0.040)T ϩ 31.083 a threshold for differentiating torpor from normothermia that is based on use of energy, the actual currency of interest for studies of torpor in the wild. Few laboratory studies have presented the time-course data required to quantify T b-onset , so more data are needed to validate this relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Energy‐Based Body Temperature Threshold between Torpor and Normothermia for Small Mammals

Willis

2007

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Changes in T b are reflected by changes in T sk (Audet and Thomas, 1996;Barclay et al, 1996). Given a T a that is below the T b of torpid animals and a lack of an external heat source, internal heat production is the…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are torpid bats immune to anthropogenic noise?

Luo

Clarin

Borissov

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Anthropogenic noise has a negative impact on a variety of animals. However, many bat species roost in places with high levels of anthropogenic noise. Here, we tested the hypothesis that torpid bats are insensitive to anthropogenic noise. In a laboratory experiment, we recorded skin temperature (T sk ) of bats roosting individually that were subjected to playbacks of different types of noise. We found that torpid bats with T sk~1 0°C lower than their active T sk responded to all types of noise by elevating T sk . Bats responded most strongly to colony and vegetation noise, and most weakly to traffic noise. The time of day when torpid bats were exposed to noise had a pronounced effect on responses. Torpid bats showed increasing responses from morning towards evening, i.e. towards the onset of the active phase. Skin temperature at the onset of noise exposure (T sk,start, 17-29°C) was not related to the response. Moreover, we found evidence that torpid bats rapidly habituated to repeated and prolonged noise exposure.

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“…Körtner and Geiser (Körtner and Geiser, 2000) and Körtner et al (Körtner et al, 2001) reported a linear relationship between T b and skin temperature in sugar gliders and tawny frogmouths, respectively. Skin temperature has also been frequently used as a suitable indicator for T b in several other species (Taffe, 2011;Brigham, 1992;Audet and Thomas, 1996;Barclay et al, 1996;Körtner and Geiser, 2000). Even though skin temperature is biophysically distinct from T s , changes in T s will likely reflect changes in T b .…”

Section: Seasonal Changes In Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation strategies to seasonal changes in environmental conditions of a domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus)

Brinkmann

Gerken

Riek

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYRecent results suggest that the wild ancestor of the horse, the Przewalski horse, exhibits signs of a hypometabolism. However, there are speculations that domestic animals lost the ability to reduce energy expenditure during food shortage and adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we investigated physiological and behavioural strategies employed by a robust domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony, over the course of a year under temperate conditions by measuring ambient temperature (T a ), subcutaneous temperature (T s ), locomotor activity (LA), lying time, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score. Ten animals were kept on pasture in summer and in open stables in winter; further, in winter the animals were allocated into one control and one feed-restricted group of five animals each to simulate natural seasonal food shortage. The annual course of the mean daily T s of all horses showed distinct fluctuations from a mean of 35.6±0.5°C, with higher variations in summer than in winter. Diurnal amplitudes in T s were highest (P<0.001) in April (12.6°C) and lowest in January (4.0°C), with a nadir around dawn and a peak around mid-day. The feed-restricted group had a significantly lower daily T s compared with the control group on cold winter days, with T a values below 0°C. Mean annual heart rate and LA followed T a closely. Heart rate of the feedrestricted animals significantly decreased from a mean of 52.8±8. ). Our results show that Shetland ponies exhibit signs of a winter hypometabolism indicated by reduced heart rate and T s . Thus, domesticated horses seem to have maintained the capacity for seasonal adaptation to environmental conditions by seasonal fluctuations in their metabolic rate.

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Can External Radiotransmitters Be Used to Assess Body Temperature and Torpor in Bats?

Cited by 130 publications

References 21 publications

An Energy‐Based Body Temperature Threshold between Torpor and Normothermia for Small Mammals

An Energy‐Based Body Temperature Threshold between Torpor and Normothermia for Small Mammals

Are torpid bats immune to anthropogenic noise?

Adaptation strategies to seasonal changes in environmental conditions of a domesticated horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus)

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