Can gender difference in prescription drug use be explained by gender-related morbidity?: a study on a Swedish population during 2006

Skoog, Jessica Berg; Midlöv, Patrik; Borgqúist, Lars; Sundquist, Jan; Halling, Anders

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-329

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…women. 42 Other factors, i.e. a higher consulting rate and sex differences in pharmacological response 43 or as discussed by Hohmann, 44 a different social interaction when consulting, are all conditions that may have contributed to our results.…”

Section: Icsrs Without Information On Sex Is Includedmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden

Holm

Ekman

Blomgren

2017

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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Section: Icsrs Without Information On Sex Is Includedmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden

Holm

Ekman

Blomgren

2017

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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“…Females also tend to seek more preventive care than males [ 27 ], which may further contribute to the gender difference. There is a gender difference in which diagnoses females and males are diagnosed with, and a former study indicates that this gender difference in morbidity may partly explain the gender difference in odds of having prescription drugs [ 28 ]. Former studies have shown that there is variability between how physicians prescribe drugs and it is possible that this may affect the gender difference [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs prescribed by general practitioners according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjustment for multimorbidity level

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAge, gender and socioeconomic status have been shown to be associated with the use of prescription drugs, even after adjustment for multimorbidity. General practitioners have a holistic and patient-centred perspective and our hypothesis is that this may reflect on the prescription of drugs. In Sweden the patient may seek secondary care without a letter of referral and the liability of the prescription of drugs accompanies the patient, which makes it suitable for this type of research. In this study we examine the odds of having prescription drug use in the population and the rates of prescription drugs among patients, issued in primary health care, according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjustment for multimorbidity level.MethodData were collected on all individuals above 20 years of age in Östergötland county with about 400 000 inhabitants in year 2006. The John Hopkins ACG Case-mix was used as a proxy for multimorbidity level. Odds ratio (OR) of having prescription drugs issued in primary health care in the population and rates of prescription drug use among patients in primary health care, stated as incidence rate ratio (IRR), according to age, gender and socioeconomic status were calculated and adjusted for multimorbidity.ResultsAfter adjustment for multimorbidity, individuals 80 years or older had higher odds ratio (OR 3.37 (CI 95% 3.22-3.52)) and incidence rate ratio (IRR 6.24 (CI 95% 5.79-6.72)) for prescription drug use. Male individuals had a lower odds ratio of having prescription drugs (OR 0.66 (CI 95% 0.64-0.69)), but among patients males had a slightly higher incidence rate of drug use (IRR 1.06 (CI 95% 1.04-1.09)). Individuals with the highest income had the lowest odds ratio of having prescription drugs and individuals with the second lowest income had the highest odds ratio of having prescription drugs (OR 1.10 (CI 95% 1.07-1.13)). Individuals with the highest education had the lowest odds ratio of having prescription drugs (OR 0.61 (CI 95% 0.54-0.67)).ConclusionAge, gender and socioeconomic status are associated with large differences in the use of prescribed drugs in primary health care, even after adjustment for multimorbidity level.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12875-014-0183-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Sex/gender differences have been reported in the prevalence of both polypharmacy and PIM. In the adult population, men are prescribed fewer drugs than are women, even after excluding sex/gender-related morbidity, although the difference decreases with age [11]. Among older populations, evidence on gender difference in polypharmacy varies, but older women seem to receive more PIMs [8,[12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Prescription in Older Swiss Men and Women Followed in Family Medicine

Schnegg

Senn

Bugnon

et al. 2019

Drugs - Real World Outcomes

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Background We sought to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy, the most prevalent drug classes involved, and the prevalence and type of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older male and female patients in family medicine. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial on the efficacy of a screening and management tool for geriatric syndromes among older community-dwelling patients (aged ≥ 75 years) included by 42 family physicians. Information on drug prescription and clinical diagnoses (International Classification of Primary Care-2nd Edition [ICPC-2] coded) were extracted manually from medical records. The prevalence of polypharmacy, defined as the use of at least five permanent oral or parenteral drugs, and of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), identified according to 2015 updated Beers criteria, were compared between men and women. Results We included 429 patients (269 women and 160 men; mean age 82.9 and 81.8 years, respectively). Polypharmacy was found in 59.9% of them. Analgesics, antithrombotic agents and agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system were the most frequently prescribed drug categories. Three-quarters of patients (76.7%) were prescribed at least one PIM according to Beers criteria, without difference by sex/gender (p = 0.760). The most frequent PIMs were proton-pump inhibitors used for > 8 weeks, diuretics, benzodiazepines, aspirin for primary prevention, and chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Prescription patterns markedly differed by sex/gender, but the number and patterns of inappropriate prescriptions were comparable overall. Interpretation Both polypharmacy and PIMs were very common in older patients followed regularly in family medicine in Switzerland. Interestingly, most PIMs involved only a limited number of medication classes. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 02618291.

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Can gender difference in prescription drug use be explained by gender-related morbidity?: a study on a Swedish population during 2006

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden

Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden

Drugs prescribed by general practitioners according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjustment for multimorbidity level

Drug Prescription in Older Swiss Men and Women Followed in Family Medicine

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