Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops?

Varshney, Rajeev K.; Ribaut, Jean-Marcel; Buckler, Edward S.; Tuberosa, Roberto; Rafalski, J. Antoni; Langridge, Peter

doi:10.1038/nbt.2440

Cited by 257 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The QTLs/genomic regions and markers associated with traits are used to breed for stress resilience using marker-assisted selection (MAS), marker-assisted back crossing (MABC), and MARS approaches (Varshney et al, 2012b). The legume community has been successful in developing several molecular breeding products despite the late arrival of genomic resources and trait-associated markers (Varshney et al, 2013a,b;Pandey et al, 2016;Varshney, 2016).…”

Section: Genomics-assisted Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Varshney

Thudi

Pandey

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

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105

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Grain legumes form an important component of the human diet, provide feed for livestock, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Globally, the demand for food legumes is increasing as they complement cereals in protein requirements and possess a high percentage of digestible protein. Climate change has enhanced the frequency and intensity of drought stress, posing serious production constraints, especially in rainfed regions where most legumes are produced. Genetic improvement of legumes, like other crops, is mostly based on pedigree and performance-based selection over the past half century. To achieve faster genetic gains in legumes in rainfed conditions, this review proposes the integration of modern genomics approaches, high throughput phenomics, and simulation modelling in support of crop improvement that leads to improved varieties that perform with appropriate agronomy. Selection intensity, generation interval, and improved operational efficiencies in breeding are expected to further enhance the genetic gain in experimental plots. Improved seed access to farmers, combined with appropriate agronomic packages in farmers' fields, will deliver higher genetic gains. Enhanced genetic gains, including not only productivity but also nutritional and market traits, will increase the profitability of farming and the availability of affordable nutritious food especially in developing countries.

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Section: Genomics-assisted Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Varshney

Thudi

Pandey

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

Self Cite

105

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“…Application of genomic tools has become very accessible (cheap and widespread), which should help expand breeding from main staples into orphan crops by removing economic barriers to their study (Varshney et al 2012). A paucity of genomic resources has, for example, limited lentil breeding; a recent transcriptome sequencing effort will reverse this by providing molecular markers to assist breeding efforts (Sharpe et al 2013).…”

Section: Orphan Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic breeding for food, environment and livelihoods

2015

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Land use management is a central challenge for the 21st century with unprecedented and competing demands to produce food, feed/fodder, fibre, fuel, and essential ecosystem services which sustain life. Global change requires rapid adaptation in current and emerging crops as well as in the foundation species of natural ecosystems. Revolutions in genomics and high throughput experimentation are transforming breeding so that adaptive traits in new environments can be predicted and selected more directly from germplasm collections of crops and wild species. This genomic breeding is now feasible in almost any species and has promise to help meet the need to feed and nourish over 9 billion people by 2050. Genomic techniques can accelerate our response to food security challenges of yield, quality and resilience and also address environmental security challenges. To achieve its potential there will need to be widespread and ongoing investments in the human capital to promote genomic breeding.

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“…integratedbreeding.net/molecular-breeding, accessed 6 June 2014). Further well-structured molecular breeding programs are essential for the effective deployment of GAB approaches for crop improvement (Varshney et al 2012c). To achieve this, training in modern plant breeding skills and fostering integrated breeding strategies and sharing of knowledge and expertise among collaborative partners, especially in developing countries with limited infrastructure and human resources, is the need of the hour.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics-assisted breeding for drought tolerance in chickpea

Thudi

Gaur

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2014

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract.Terminal drought is one of the major constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), causing more than 50% production losses. With the objective of accelerating genetic understanding and crop improvement through genomicsassisted breeding, a draft genome sequence has been assembled for the CDC Frontier variety. In this context, 544.73 Mb of sequence data were assembled, capturing of 73.8% of the genome in scaffolds. In addition, large-scale genomic resources including several thousand simple sequence repeats and several million single nucleotide polymorphisms, high-density diversity array technology (15 360 clones) and Illumina GoldenGate assay genotyping platforms, high-density genetic maps and transcriptome assemblies have been developed. In parallel, by using linkage mapping approach, one genomic region harbouring quantitative trait loci for several drought tolerance traits has been identified and successfully introgressed in three leading chickpea varieties (e.g. JG 11, Chefe, KAK 2) by using a marker-assisted backcrossing approach. A multilocation evaluation of these marker-assisted backcrossing lines provided several lines with 10-24% higher yield than the respective recurrent parents.Modern breeding approaches like marker-assisted recurrent selection and genomic selection are being deployed for enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea. Some novel mapping populations such as multiparent advanced generation intercross and nested association mapping populations are also being developed for trait mapping at higher resolution, as well as for enhancing the genetic base of chickpea. Such advances in genomics and genomics-assisted breeding will accelerate precision and efficiency in breeding for stress tolerance in chickpea.

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Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops?

Cited by 257 publications

References 42 publications

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Genomic breeding for food, environment and livelihoods

Genomics-assisted breeding for drought tolerance in chickpea

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