“…After the 2008 financial crisis, states expanded their role in developing green industries, key growth sectors in the global political economy (Ougaard, 2015). Green industrial and innovation policy — through research and development support, subsidies, tax cuts, tariffs, and other industrial policy measures — has since attracted the attention of scholars (Aggarwal and Evenett, 2012; Craig, 2014; Jänicke, 2012; Karp and Stevenson, 2012; Rodrik, 2014; Zysman and Huberty, 2014). Importantly, research demonstrates how the US developmental state has expanded its activities to promote low-carbon technologies in order to address climate change, while regulatory action failed (MacNeil, 2013; MacNeil and Paterson, 2012; Schreurs, 2012).…”