Can Hysterectomy Be Considered a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?

Brett, Kate M.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000161141.92300.f3

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We compared postmenopausal women who underwent hysterectomy with those who did not. We hypothesized that WM regions and especially FWM, which myelinates later and achieves the highest density of oligodendrocytes and iron, may be most impacted by increased iron levels expected from hysterectomy (Brett, 2005; Howard et al, 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to estimates, 50% also involve “bilateral oophorectomy,” the surgical removal of both ovaries (Lepine et al, 1997). Hysterectomy will result in the cessation of menses if the uterus is removed, whether or not one or both ovaries are removed (Brett, 2005). However, if one or both ovaries are not removed during hysterectomy, a potential endogenous source of sex hormones may remain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The postulated underlying mechanism is that hysterectomy will lead to increased peripheral iron levels (Brett, 2005; Fleming et al, 2001; Howard et al, 2005; Whitfield et al, 2003), which in turn may lead to increased brain iron levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Premenopausal hysterectomy is associated with increased brain ferritin iron

Tishler

Raven

et al. 2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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Objective Iron is essential for triggering oligodendrocytes to myelinate, however, in gray matter (GM) iron increases with age and is associated with age-related degenerative brain diseases. Women have lower iron levels than men, both in the periphery and in the brain, particularly in white matter (WM), possibly due to iron loss through menstruation. We tested the hypothesis that hysterectomy could increase WM iron levels. Methods We assessed three WM and five GM regions in 39 post-menopausal women, of whom 15 had premenopausal hysterectomy, utilizing a validated magnetic resonance imaging technique called FDRI that quantifies ferritin iron. A group of 54 matched male subjects was included for comparison. Results Amongst women, hysterectomy was associated with significantly higher frontal lobe WM iron. Men had higher iron levels than women without hysterectomy in three brain regions but did not differ from women with hysterectomy in any region. Conclusions The results suggest that menstruation-associated blood loss is a source of gender differences in brain iron. It is possible that brain iron can be influenced by peripheral iron levels and may thus be a modifiable risk factor for age-related degenerative diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Premenopausal hysterectomy is associated with increased brain ferritin iron

Tishler

Raven

et al. 2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…Another explanation is that women who survive to at least age 65 years may have a bias towards positive health characteristics, as women with early menopause have a more adverse profile in many aspects of health. [15][16][17][18] These characteristics may be unrelated to estrogen or may counter the effects of loss of estrogen. The biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between later age at natural menopause and increased mortality are unclear.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5,7,9,10,[12][13][14] Surgical menopause may also be related to the overall intrinsic rate of biological aging. Women who experience surgical menopause, and in particular early surgical menopause, may have less favorable underlying health profiles and poorer health later in life [15][16][17][18] compared with women who experience natural menopause. These differences may relate to long-term health and survival differentials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Type and Timing of Menopause and Later Life Mortality among Women in the Iowa Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE) Cohort

Tom

Cooper

Wallace

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: The relationship between menopausal characteristics and later life mortality is unclear. We tested the hypotheses that women with surgical menopause would have increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with women with natural menopause, and that women with earlier ages at natural or surgical menopause would have greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than women with later ages at menopause. Methods: Women who participated in the Iowa cohort of the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (n = 1684) reported menopausal characteristics and potential confounding variables at baseline and were followed up for up to 24 years. Participants were aged 65 years or older at baseline and lived in rural areas. We used survival analysis to examine the relationships between menopausal characteristics and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: A total of 1477 women (87.7% of respondents) died during the study interval. Women with an age at natural menopause ‡ 55 years had increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality compared with women who had natural menopause at younger ages. Type of menopause and age at surgical menopause were not related to mortality. These patterns persisted after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Conclusions: Among an older group of women from a rural area of the United States, later age at natural menopause was related to increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Monitoring the cardiovascular health of this group of older women may contribute to improved survival times.

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Impact of hysterectomy on cardiovascular disease and different subtypes: a meta-analysis

Wang

Zhang

2021

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Can Hysterectomy Be Considered a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease?

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Premenopausal hysterectomy is associated with increased brain ferritin iron

Premenopausal hysterectomy is associated with increased brain ferritin iron

Type and Timing of Menopause and Later Life Mortality among Women in the Iowa Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE) Cohort

Impact of hysterectomy on cardiovascular disease and different subtypes: a meta-analysis

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