Can I Trust My One-Class Classification?

Mack, Benjamin; Roscher, Ribana; Waske, Björn

doi:10.3390/rs6098779

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This phenomenon might have resulted from the different thresholds that were used to transform the model outputs into binary classes. Studies have found that the default threshold performed relatively poorly as compared with a threshold obtained from alternative threshold selection strategies, and might be insufficient to balance false positive and false negative classifications [17,57]. Although threshold selection strategies can improve the classification results, the addition of such a procedure has the disadvantage of increasing the complexity of model selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Class Classification of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas Using a Presence and Background Learning Algorithm

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Automatic classification of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in urban areas is of great importance for many applications such as generating three-dimensional (3D) building models and monitoring power lines. Traditional supervised classification methods require training samples of all classes to construct a reliable classifier. However, complete training samples are normally hard and costly to collect, and a common circumstance is that only training samples for a class of interest are available, in which traditional supervised classification methods may be inappropriate. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using a novel one-class classification algorithm, i.e., the presence and background learning (PBL) algorithm, to classify LiDAR data in an urban scenario. The results demonstrated that the PBL algorithm implemented by back propagation (BP) neural network (PBL-BP) could effectively classify a single class (e.g., building, tree, terrain, power line, and others) from airborne LiDAR point cloud with very high accuracy. The mean F-score for all of the classes from the PBL-BP classification results was 0.94, which was higher than those from one-class support vector machine (SVM), biased SVM, and maximum entropy methods (0.68, 0.82 and 0.93, respectively). Moreover, the PBL-BP algorithm yielded a comparable overall accuracy to the multi-class SVM method. Therefore, this method is very promising in the classification of the LiDAR point cloud.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Class Classification of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas Using a Presence and Background Learning Algorithm

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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“…As a general-purpose machine learning method, the Maximum entropy (Maxent) approach [56,57,75] is also suitable for mapping real distributions based on remote sensing data [29,36,45,[51][52][53]55,[58][59][60]62]. Maxent is available free for educational and noncommercial use as a multi-platform Java-based software [76]).…”

Section: Maxent Model and Tuning Of Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Appling the One-Class Classification Method of Maxent to Detect an Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora with Time-Series Analysis

Liu

Gong

et al. 2017

Remote Sensing

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Spartina alterniflora has become the main invasive plant along the Chinese coast and now threatens the local ecological environment. Accurately monitoring the distribution of S. alterniflora is urgent and essential for developing cost-effective control strategies. In this study, we applied the One-Class Classification (OCC) methods of Maximum entropy (Maxent) and Biased Support Vector Machine (BSVM) based on Landsat time-series imagery to detect the species on the middle coast of Jiangsu in east China. We conducted four experimental setups (i.e., single-scene analysis, time-series analysis, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series analysis and a compressed time-series analysis), using OCC methods to recognize the species. Then, we tested the performance of a compressed time-series model for S. alterniflora detection and evaluated the expansibility of this approach when it was applied to a larger region. Our principal findings are as follows: (1) Maxent and BSVM performed equally well, and Maxent appeared to have a more balanced performance over the summer months; (2) the Maxent model with the Default Parameter Set (Maxent-DPS) showed a slightly higher accuracy and more overfitting than Maxent with the Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small samples sizes (AICc)-selected parameter set model, but a t-test found no significant difference between these two settings; (3) April and December were deemed to be important periods for the detection of S. alterniflora; (4) a compressed time-series analysis model-including only three variables (December NDVI, March green and the third Principal Component in January, PC3)-yielded higher accuracy than single-scene analyses, which indicated that time-series analysis can better detect S. alterniflora than single-scene analyses; and (5) the Maxent model using the reconstructed optimal variables and 70 training samples over a larger region produced encouraging results with an overall accuracy of 90.88% and a Kappa of 0.78. The one-class classification method combined with a phenology-based detection strategy is therefore promising for the application of the long-term detection of S. alterniflora over extended areas.

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“…Third, a semi-supervised method: BSVM. These two methods (BSVM and OCSVM) were selected because they have been previously used in a variety of studies with remotely-sensed data, such as [13,17,19,37,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Land Cover Class Mapping by Semi-Supervised Weighted Support Vector Machines

2017

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Abstract:In many remote sensing projects on land cover mapping, the interest is often in a sub-set of classes presented in the study area. Conventional multi-class classification may lead to a considerable training effort and to the underestimation of the classes of interest. On the other hand, one-class classifiers require much less training, but may overestimate the real extension of the class of interest. This paper illustrates the combined use of cost-sensitive and semi-supervised learning to overcome these difficulties. This method utilises a manually-collected set of pixels of the class of interest and a random sample of pixels, keeping the training effort low. Each data point is then weighted according to its distance to its near positive data point to inform the learning algorithm. The proposed approach was compared with a conventional multi-class classifier, a one-class classifier, and a semi-supervised classifier in the discrimination of high-mangrove in Saloum estuary, Senegal, from Landsat imagery. The derived classification accuracies were high: 93.90% for the multi-class supervised classifier, 90.75% for the semi-supervised classifier, 88.75% for the one-class classifier, and 93.75% for the proposed method. The results show that accuracy achieved with the proposed method is statistically non-inferior to that achieved with standard binary classification, requiring however much less training effort.

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Can I Trust My One-Class Classification?

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

One-Class Classification of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas Using a Presence and Background Learning Algorithm

One-Class Classification of Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas Using a Presence and Background Learning Algorithm

Appling the One-Class Classification Method of Maxent to Detect an Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora with Time-Series Analysis

Specific Land Cover Class Mapping by Semi-Supervised Weighted Support Vector Machines

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