Can intelligence be estimated from drawings of a man?

Reisman, John M.; Yamokoski, Tom

doi:10.1016/0022-4405(73)90030-7

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Taken together, these findings suggest that the DAP:IQ is a highly reliable measure, however, its correlations to other measures of intelligence are moderate at best. Similar findings have been reported for previous HFD tests such as the DAMT [26], GHDT [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], and the DAP:QSS [10], [21], [28], [32], [33], [34].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although correlations can suggest a relation between two variables, in applied settings, these tests must correctly identify individual children who might be gifted or at risk for intellectual difficulties. Previously, a handful of studies have investigated the utility of the DAMT [26], the GHDT [26], [29] and the DAP:QSS [33], [37] as screening devices of intelligence. These studies have found that although scores on the HFD tests and well-established measures of intelligence (e.g., Wechsler scales, Stanford-Binet) are correlated, HFD tests fail to accurately identify individual children who are gifted or at risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drawing a Close to the Use of Human Figure Drawings as a Projective Measure of Intelligence

et al. 2013

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The practice of using children's human figure drawings (HFDs) to assess their intellectual ability is pervasive among psychologists and therapists in many countries. Since the first systematic scoring system for HFDs was published in 1926, their continued popularity has led to the development of several revised versions of the test. Most recently, the Draw-A-Person Intellectual Ability Test for children, adolescents, and adults (DAP:IQ) was published. It is the most up-to-date form of HFD test designed to assess intellectual functioning across a wide age range. In the present study, we assessed the validity of the DAP:IQ as a screening measure of intelligence in both children and adults. In Experiment 1, 100 4- to 5-year-old children completed the DAP:IQ and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition. In Experiment 2, 100 adults completed the DAP:IQ and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. In both experiments, we found only weak to modest correlations between scores on the DAP:IQ and the Wechsler tests. Furthermore, when we compared individual's scores on the two tests, the DAP:IQ yielded high false positive and false negative rates when screening for borderline and superior intellectual functioning. Based on these findings, and based on the lack of validity of previous HFD tests, we conclude that practitioners should not rely on HFD tests as a projective measure of intelligence.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing a Close to the Use of Human Figure Drawings as a Projective Measure of Intelligence

et al. 2013

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“…28 Despite the variety of ways in which children's drawings could be used to indicate intelligence, the most common test used by teachers is the draw-a-man test, even though there is little experimental support for its validity. 29 The major problem with drawing tests such as the draw-a-man test is that they usually cannot be repeated immediately due to the restraints of standardization. This means that intelligence is measured by the ability to draw something at a given moment in time.…”

Section: Drawing As Nonverbal Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's Drawings as a Means of Nonverbal Communication: An Introduction

Kelly¹

1984

British Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Children's drawings have often been used by adults to help them to communicate with children who, for whatever reason, do not express themselves verbally. Sometimes this seems to be the only method which appears to be effective. However, examination of the literature suggests that adults' interpretation of the drawings made by children may not be as reliable as it could be. The concept of children's drawings as a means of nonverbal communication is examined and suggestions are made to enable adults to use the medium of drawing more effectively in order to understand a child's graphic language.

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“…The DAM has been found to have moderate to high correlations (.43 to .81) with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), depending on the scoring method employed (Zimmerman & Woo-Sam, 1972). When the Harris scoring system was used, the DAM tended to produce lower IQ scores than either the WISC or the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Form L-M (Reisman & Yomokaski, 1973). More recently, White (1979) found that the DAM correlated significantly with all of the subtests on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (.32 to .60), with the exception of the coding subtest.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Student Attributes On Kindergarten Scores Across Product and Process Tests

Glutting¹,

Barker

Gelardo³

1983

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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Three preschool tests were administered to a group of 583 kindergarten children in order to investigate the effects of age, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status level, and language background on the scores of two product tests (one verbal and one nonverbal) and one process test. In addition, the study examined how student differences on process variables contribute to score disparities on product tests across ethnic and language background groups. The Cooperative Preschool Inventory—Revised Edition (PI), Drawa-Man (DAM), and Goodman Lock Box were administered to Anglo, black, English-dominant Puerto Rican, and Spanish-dominant Puerto Rican children. Findings were subjected to linear regression analyses. While the scores on all three tests were modified by at least two of the studentattribute variables, the process scores measured by the Lock Box were less affected than the product scores on the PI and DAM. Results are discussed in terms of the difficulty Spanishdominant Puerto Rican children showed in processing cognitive stimuli. Research and programming suggestions are provided for investigations at the kindergarten level where English proficiency varies within ethnic groups.During the past decade, efforts have been directed toward the early identification of children likely to fail in school. Professionals estimate that from 15 % to 40 % of all kindergarten children have developmental lags (Bradley, 1975;Feriden & Jacobsen, 1970;Kirk, 1972; National Advisory Committee on Dyslexia and Related Reading Disorders, 1969). While the need for accurate preschool assessment is apparent, there is considerable evidence showing that score differences on product (versus process) tests occur when student groups have dissimilar background characteristics. Differences on product tests across race groups at the preschool level are well documented, with Anglos obtaining higher scores than minority children (Jensen,

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Can intelligence be estimated from drawings of a man?

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Drawing a Close to the Use of Human Figure Drawings as a Projective Measure of Intelligence

Drawing a Close to the Use of Human Figure Drawings as a Projective Measure of Intelligence

Children's Drawings as a Means of Nonverbal Communication: An Introduction

Effects of Student Attributes On Kindergarten Scores Across Product and Process Tests

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