Can irisin be a linker between physical activity and brain function?

Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Weizhen

doi:10.1515/bmc-2016-0012

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, since the motor system extends beyond the brain, further work will be needed to show that the cognitive reserve does not derive from the effects of physical activity in other key motor regions outside the brain. 45,46 Finally, the activity monitors used in this study do not differentiate between different physical activities, so further studies are necessary to determine whether the cognitive reserve provided by physical activity derives from any increases in movement or whether particular types of activity drive this reserve, i.e., steps vs arm movements, and removal of the device cannot always be distinguished from periods of no activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

Buchman

Wilson

et al. 2019

Neurology

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ObjectiveTo examine the associations of physical activity, Alzheimer disease (AD), and other brain pathologies and cognition in older adults.MethodsWe studied 454 brain autopsies from decedents in a clinical-pathologic cohort study. Nineteen cognitive tests were summarized in a global cognitive score. Total daily physical activity summarized continuous multiday recordings of activity during everyday living in the community setting. A global motor ability score summarized 10 supervised motor performance tests. A series of regression analyses were used to examine associations of physical activity, AD, and other brain pathologies with global cognition proximate to death controlling for age, sex, education, and motor abilities.ResultsHigher levels of total daily activity (estimate 0.148, 95% confidence interval 0.053–0.244, SE 0.049, p = 0.003) and better motor abilities (estimate 0.283, 95% confidence interval, 0.175–0.390, SE 0.055, p < 0.001) were independently associated with better cognition. These independent associations remained significant when terms for AD and other pathologies were added as well as in sensitivity analyses excluding cases with poor cognition or dementia. Adding interaction terms, the associations of total daily activity and motor abilities with cognition did not vary in individuals with and without dementia. The associations of AD and other pathologies with cognition did not vary with the levels of total daily activity or motor abilities.ConclusionsPhysical activity in older adults may provide cognitive reserve to maintain function independent of the accumulation of diverse brain pathologies. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this potential reserve and to ensure the causal effects of physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

Buchman

Wilson

et al. 2019

Neurology

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“…The vital role of Fndc5 in the process of neural differentiation and protection have been shown in many studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Fndc5 expression elevates after retinoic acid (RA) treatment of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) in the process of neural differentiation [7].…”

Section: Fndc5 Plays a Vital Role In Neural Differentiation Through Ementioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the cellular activities of Fndc5/Irisin and its signaling pathways

et al. 2020

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Fndc5, a well-defined myokine and also identified as an adipokine, has a critical role in modulation of metabolism and protection against obesity. These important functions are mediated by irisin, a secretory peptide produced from proteolytic processing of Fndc5. The other beneficial physiological effects of irisin are alleviation of oxidative stress, neuroprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory properties and associated anti-metastatic effects. Fndc5/irisin exerts its biological effects through several intracellular signaling pathways. The major signaling pathway is thought to be MAPK signaling pathways which are involved in neural differentiation, browning of white adipocytes, as well as osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Other essential functions of Fndc5/irisin are mediated through additional pathways including AMPK pathway, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3/Snail. Thorough understanding of the mechanisms of irisin actions are essential in order to develop Fndc5/irisin for therapeutic purposes. In the present review, we focus on the current knowledge of the signaling pathways that elicit irisin actions.

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“…Irisin has been evaluated in young adults and it has been reported that as this hormone increases, there is an elevation in BDNF expression and activation of genes involved in learning and memory [24,25]. Evidence demonstrates that irisin effects brain function [26]. Increased peripheral irisin levels stimulate the hippocampal genes related to neuroprotection, learning and memory [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence demonstrates that irisin effects brain function [26]. Increased peripheral irisin levels stimulate the hippocampal genes related to neuroprotection, learning and memory [26]. Telomeres are important DNA protein complexes that are located at chromosome tips to protect genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Dietary Supplement CLOCK® on BDNF and Other Biochemical Measures Related to Cognitive Function and Health in Men and Women

Bloomer

2017

ACIM

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Background: We have previously reported improvements in selected biochemical measures of health, as well as self reported well-being in men and women using the dietary supplement known as CLOCK ® . In this follow up investigation, we evaluated CLOCK ® at two different dosages using a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over design in men and women with self reported low energy, impaired sleep quality and impaired well-being.Methods: 30 subjects (14 men and 16 women) were randomly assigned in double blind manner to ingest a botanical agent (CLOCK ® , containing Rosmarinus officinalis and Hemerocallis fulva at either 1gram or 1.5grams daily) or a placebo for two week periods with a two week wash out period after each condition assignment. Blood samples were collected pre and post each two week period in an overnight fasted state and analyzed for acetylcholine (ACh), choline, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), IGF-1, irisin, melatonin and serotonin. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured, as were subjective measures of well-being. The Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire was used as a measure of sleep quality and related variables.Results: ACh (22%), choline (19%), BDNF (44%), irisin (23%) and melatonin (8%) all increased significantly from pre to post intervention following intake of CLOCK ® (with a greater increase noted with 1gram vs. 1.5grams) but not placebo. Heart rate and blood pressure were unaffected by treatment (p>0.05). Time effects were noted for all well-being measures (p<0.05), except for anxious, depressed and tense, with improvements noted in all variables from pre to post intervention. When considering both supplement dosages together, improvements of 25% (attentiveness), 21% (alertness), 37% (focus) and 34% (energetic) were observed, with slightly less improvement noted for placebo. Although, not significant, CLOCK ® reduced the feeling of grogginess (25%), lethargy (14%) and sluggishness (18%); whereas there were minimal changes with the placebo. No differences were noted between conditions or across time in measures of sleep or related variables (p>0.05).

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Can irisin be a linker between physical activity and brain function?

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

Physical activity, common brain pathologies, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults

New insights into the cellular activities of Fndc5/Irisin and its signaling pathways

Impact of the Dietary Supplement CLOCK® on BDNF and Other Biochemical Measures Related to Cognitive Function and Health in Men and Women

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