Can Maxwell’s equations be obtained from the continuity equation?

Heras, José A.

doi:10.1119/1.2739570

Cited by 64 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Taking the work of Professor Jefimenko one important and crucial step further, Professor José Hera [44] formulated an important Existence Theorem stated above. It is this theorem that we now find to be not only pivotal but crucial in justifying the way in which we are now going to introduce gravitation on the realm, structure and edifice of the RHS.…”

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Professor José Hera [44] formulated-in our view; a very important Existence Theorem that states that, given any space and time-dependent localized scalar and vector sources satisfying the continuity equation-as is the case with electromagnetism; there exists in general, two retarded vector fields ( ) , X Y that satisfy a set of four field equations that are similar in nature and form to Maxwell's equations. By applying the theorem to the usual electrical charge and current densities, the two retarded fields are identified with the electric ( ) [44] proved is that, if  is the charge density and J is the associated current corresponding to this charge, i.e.…”

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its brilliance and fit of imagination, both Professor Maxwell [30] and Dr. Oliver Heaviside [46] [47]'s work was speculative in nature, with no real justification from the then known fundamental principles of either physics or logic but rather from the intuitive power of human reason and imagination. Only in recent times, has a justifiable fundamental physical basis for Professor Maxwell and Dr. Heaviside's speculation (hereafter, the Maxwell-Heaviside Gravitomagnetic Theory) been heralded [44] [45] [48]. Presently, gravitomagnetism is accepted as first order approximation of Professor Einstein's GTR [49] [50].…”

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By applying the theorem to the usual electrical charge and current densities, the two retarded fields are identified with the electric ( ) [44] proved is that, if  is the charge density and J is the associated current corresponding to this charge, i.e. :…”

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first two instalments [29] [42] [43] leading to the present version of the UFT, we noted this and we had to find some rather draconian means to fit gravitation into the scheme. This is set to change in the present instalment as we have found a natural way to include gravitation via Professor José Hera [44]'s important Existence Theorem.…”

Section: Stocktakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unified Field Theory in a Nutshell—Elicit Dreams of a Final Theory Series

Nyambuya¹

2014

JMP

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The present reading is part of our on-going attempt at the foremost endeavour of physics since man began to comprehend the heavens and the earth. We present a much more improved Unified Field Theory of all the forces of Nature i.e. the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak and the strong nuclear forces. The proposed theory is a radical improvement of Professor Hermann Weyl's supposedly failed attempt at a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism. As is the case with Professor Weyl's theory, unit vectors in the proposed theory vary from one point to the next, albeit, in a manner such that they are-for better or for worse; compelled to yield tensorial affinities. In a separate reading, the Dirac equation is shown to emerge as part of the description of the these variable unit vectors. The nuclear force fields-i.e., electromagnetic, weak and the strongtogether with the gravitational force field are seen to be described by a four-vector field Aμ, which forms part of the body of the variable unit vectors and hence the metric of spacetime. The resulting theory very strongly appears to be a logically consistent and coherent unification of classical and quantum physics and at the same time a grand unity of all the forces of Nature. Unlike most unification theories, the present proposal is unique in that it achieves unification on a fourdimensional continuum of spacetime without the need for extra-dimensions.

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Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gravitation and Gravitomagnetismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stocktakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unified Field Theory in a Nutshell—Elicit Dreams of a Final Theory Series

Nyambuya¹

2014

JMP

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Crowded Charges in Ion Channels

Eisenberg

2011

Advances in Chemical Physics

129

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Physical Chemistry and Life. Ions in water are the liquid of life. Life occurs almost entirely in 'salt water'. Life began in salty oceans. Animals kept that salt water within them when they moved out of the ocean to drier surroundings. The plasma and blood that surrounds all cells are electrolytes more or less resembling sea water. The plasma inside cells is an electrolyte solution that more or less resembles the sea water in which life began. Water itself (without ions) is lethal to animal cells and damaging for most proteins. Water must contain the right ions in the right amounts if it is to sustain life.Physical chemistry is the language of electrolyte solutions and so physical chemistry, and biology, particularly physiology, have been intertwined since physical chemistry was developed some one hundred fifty years ago. Physiology, of course, was studied by the Greeks some millennia earlier, but the biological role of electrolyte solutions could not be understood until ions were discovered by chemists some 2,000 years later.Physical chemists and biologists come from different traditions that separated for several decades as biologists identified and described the molecules of life. Communication is not easy between a fundamentally descriptive tradition and a fundamentally analytical one. Biologists have now learned to study their well defined systems with physical techniques, of considerable interest to physical chemists. Physical chemists are increasingly interested in spatially inhomogeneous systems with structures on the atomic scale so common in biology. Physical chemists will find it productive to work on well defined systems built by evolution to be reasonably robust, with input output relations insensitive to environmental insults. The overlap in science is clear. The human overlap is harder because the fields have grown independently for some time, and the knowledge base, assumptions, and jargon of the fields do not coincide. Indeed, they sometimes seem disjoint, without overlap.This article deals with properties of ion channels that in my view can be dealt with by 'physics as usual', with much the same tools that physical chemists apply to other systems. Indeed, I introduce and use a tool of physicists-a field theory (and boundary conditions) based on an energy variational approach developed by Chun Liu 141,575,766,806,944 -not too widely used among physical chemists. My goal is to provide the knowledge base, and identify the assumptions, that biologists use in studying ion channels, avoiding jargon. Although we do not know enough to write atomic, detailed physical models of the process by which ions move through channels, rather simple models of selectivity and permeation work quite well in important cases. Those physical models and cases are the main focus of this review because they demonstrate the strong essential link between the traditional treatments of ions in chemical physics, and the biological function of ion channels.At first, ion channels may seem to be an extreme system. They are as smal...

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Gauging Potentials: Maxwell, Lorenz, Lorentz and Others on Linking the Electric Scalar and Vector Potentials

Buchwald

2023

Archimedes

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Can Maxwell’s equations be obtained from the continuity equation?

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Unified Field Theory in a Nutshell—Elicit Dreams of a Final Theory Series

Unified Field Theory in a Nutshell—Elicit Dreams of a Final Theory Series

Crowded Charges in Ion Channels

Gauging Potentials: Maxwell, Lorenz, Lorentz and Others on Linking the Electric Scalar and Vector Potentials

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