Can mean arterial pressure be estimated from measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and vice versa?

Christensen, Kent Lodberg; Mulvany, Michael J.; Jespersen, Lennard Tang

doi:10.1097/00004872-199004000-00005

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…32 In brief, the rats were anesthetized with methohexital, and a small polyethylene catheter was inserted into the abdominal aorta through the femoral artery. The catheter was led subcutaneousry to the neck where it was connected to a pressure transducer (model MX 807, Simonsen & Weel) through a swivel, which allowed the rat to move freely.…”

Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After rats had recovered from anesthesia for 4 to 5 hours, mean blood pressure (MBP^,^) and pulse pressure were constantly registered on a recorder (HewlettPackard, 7402 A) for 6 hours; during this latter period the blood pressure measurements were stable, as seen previously. 32 During these measurements the rats had free access to water and food and were not medicated. Diastolic blood pressure and SBP were calculated as described previously.…”

Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diastolic blood pressure and SBP were calculated as described previously. 32 Rats were then killed and the hearts and remaining kidneys removed. Kidneys and hearts were cleaned of fat, gently blotted, and weighed.…”

Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 The uninephrectomized (Nx) animals then continued until age 23 weeks, when steady-state blood pressure was measured intraarterialry. 32 The purpose was to determine whether narrow afferent arteriolar diameter at age 7 weeks was a predictor for the development of high blood pressure at age 23 weeks.…”

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Early narrowed afferent arteriole is a contributor to the development of hypertension.

et al. 1994

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The kidney is probably critically involved in the development of essential hypertension, as in many genetic models of hypertension. We have investigated whether a narrowed renal afferent arteriole is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Systolic blood pressure of 37 F 2 generation spontaneously hypertensive rats/Wistar-Kyoto rats was measured at age 7 weeks. The right kidney was removed, and lumen diameter and media cross-sectional area of the afferent arterioles were measured after having been fixed while relaxed and under a transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg. The uninephrectomized rats continued until age 23 weeks, when mean blood pressure was measured. Mean blood pressure at 23 weeks was negatively A increasing amount of evidence supports a critical role for the kidney in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.15 Key early observations concerned retrospective studies indicating that after kidney transplantation the blood pressure of recipients appeared to correlate with the blood pressure of donors. 68 More recently, the introduction of cyclosporine treatment with its own hypertensive effect has made it difficult to determine whether the blood pressure of donors influences the subsequent blood pressure of recipients. On the other hand, animal studies offer a means of examining this question in detail, 2 -3 and indeed, such studies have provided further strong evidence in support of the kidney playing a primary role in the development of genetic hypertension.Renal cross-transplantation experiments between inbred genetically hypertensive and normotensive rat strains show that kidneys taken from hypertensive donors cause the development of hypertension when transplanted to normotensive recipients.911 This is also the case if the donor rat has been kept normotensive with antihypertensive treatment until transplantation is performed, 11 suggesting that the renal effects are not secondary to hypertension-induced lesions but that a primary defect that can cause the blood pressure to increase may reside in the kidney. Received February 7, 1994; accepted in revised form May 26, 1994.From the Danish Biomembrane Research Centre and Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University (Denmark), and Department of Medicine, University of Leicester (UK).Correspondence to Dr Niels Korsgaard, Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University, University Park 240,8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.O 1994 American Heart Association, Inc.correlated with lumen diameter at 7 weeks. Quartile analysis based on lumen diameter at 7 weeks showed that compared with rats in the top lumen diameter quartile, rats in the bottom lumen diameter quartile had a reduced media cross-sectional area at 7 weeks (17%), the same systolic blood pressure at 7 weeks, and an increased (16%) mean blood pressure at 23 weeks. We conclude that in spontaneously hypertensive rats a narrowed lumen of distal afferent arterioles at 7 weeks contributes to later development of increased blood pressure. This reduced lumen could be c...

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Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements At 23 Weeksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early narrowed afferent arteriole is a contributor to the development of hypertension.

et al. 1994

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“…Multiplying stroke volume by heart rate yielded cardiac output. Cardiac index was calculated as cardiac output divided by body weight and systemic vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure (Christensen et al 1990)/cardiac index.…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone-induced blood pressure decrease is associated with increased mRNA levels of the vascular smooth muscle KATP channel

Tivesten¹,

Barlind²,

Caidahl³

et al. 2004

Journal of Endocrinology

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Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with abnormal vascular reactivity and development of atherosclerosis. GH treatment in GH deficient states restores systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance, endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation, and may reverse markers of early atherosclerosis. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In the present study, male Sprague Dawley rats were hypophysectomized and treated for two weeks with GH (recombinant human GH, 2 mg/kg/day) or saline as s.c. injections twice daily. GH decreased aortic systolic blood pressure compared with saline-treated animals, while the diastolic blood pressure was not significantly changed. GH treatment increased cardiac output as determined by Dopplerechocardiography and the calculated systemic vascular resistance was markedly reduced. In order to identify GH-regulated genes of importance for vascular function, aortic mRNA levels were analyzed by the microarray technique and correlated to the systolic blood pressure levels. Using this approach, we identified 18 GHregulated genes with possible impact on vascular tone and atherogenesis. In particular, mRNA levels of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6·1 and the sulfonylurea receptor 2B, which together form the vascular smooth muscle ATP-sensitive potassium channel, were both upregulated by GH treatment and highly correlated to systolic blood pressure. Our findings establish a major role for GH in the regulation of vascular physiology and gene expression. Increased expression of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, recently shown to be crucial in the regulation of vascular tone, constitutes a possible mechanism by which GH governs vascular tone.

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Beat‐to‐beat measurement of the finger arterial pressure pulse shape index at rest and during exercise

Raamat

Jagomägi

Talts

et al. 2003

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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Arterial pressure waveform can be characterized by the pulse shape index kpulse determined as kpulse = (Pmean - Pdiast) / (Psyst - Pdiast). For brachial artery, the shape index value of 0.33 is usually applied to approximate Pmean from the measured Psyst and Pdiast. Our purpose was to test whether this value can validly be applied to finger vascular beds under different experimental conditions. By using Finapres, we non-invasively estimated the beat-to-beat values of kpulse in the fingers of young healthy persons in supine position at rest and during a 4-min moderate exercise (rhythmical exercise with the quadricep muscles in combination with handgrip compression). To detect intensive peripheral vasoconstrictions, a laser-Doppler probe was attached to the thumb pulp of the same hand. Periods of 30 s without intensive vasoconstriction for rest, different stages of exercise and recovery were involved in the analysis in every subject. The results demonstrated that the group-averaged value of kpulse (median with a 95% confidence interval) in the fingers of 11 healthy volunteers aged from 20 to 24, equalled 0.33 (0.31- 0.34), 0.31 (0.28-0.34), 0.35 (0.33-0.39) and 0.38 (0.34-0.43) for rest, first and second stages of exercise and recovery, respectively. We conclude that in the fingers of young healthy persons in supine position formula Pmean = Pdiast + 1/3 (Psyst - Pdiast) gives an adequate approximation for rest and low intensity exercise (first stage), and slightly underestimates the actual finger mean blood pressure during moderate exercise (second stage) and recovery.

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Can mean arterial pressure be estimated from measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and vice versa?

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Early narrowed afferent arteriole is a contributor to the development of hypertension.

Early narrowed afferent arteriole is a contributor to the development of hypertension.

Growth hormone-induced blood pressure decrease is associated with increased mRNA levels of the vascular smooth muscle KATP channel

Beat‐to‐beat measurement of the finger arterial pressure pulse shape index at rest and during exercise

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