Can Milk Affect Recovery from Simulated Team-Sport Match Play?

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of cow’s milk on recovery from repeated simulated team games (STGs) in females. Twenty female team-sport athletes completed an STG circuit (2x ~ 30 min, with 10 min ‘half-time’). Measures of muscle function, soreness and tiredness, symptoms of stress and serum markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress were determined pre- and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h following the circuit. At 48 h, a second STG was completed. Sprint performance (5 m, 15 m), lap time, countermovement jump (CMJ), heart rate and RPE were recorded during each STG. Immediately following each STG, participants consumed either 500 mL of cow’s milk (MILK) or 500 mL of an energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Compared to CHO, MILK had a beneficial effect in attenuating losses in peak torque for knee extension (60°/s) (likely; effect size (ES) = 0.26 to 0.28) knee flexion (60°/s) (likely; ES = 0.45 to 0.61). A benefit for MILK was observed for 5 m sprint (possible-likely; ES = 0.40 to 0.58), 10 m sprint (likely; ES = 0.30 to 0.53) and symptoms of stress (likely–very likely, small). Mostly unclear outcomes for other variables were observed. For STG variables, trivial (HR, CMJ) and unclear (5 m sprint, 15 m sprint, lap-time, RPE) outcomes were recorded. In conclusion, the consumption of 500 mL of milk attenuated losses in muscle function and perceptions of stress following repeated simulated team-sports games. However, further investigation is warranted to determine whether MILK can influence subsequent team-sport performance.

Intensified training in adolescent female athletes: a crossover study of Greek yogurt effects on indices of recovery

“…1.35–1.6 g·kg −1 ·day −1 ) [ 27 ]. Although there is a paucity of research in female adolescent athletes with respect to exercise and nutrition, the present results are consistent with previous studies in both adult male [ 8 , 9 ] and female athletes [ 28 ], where the consumption of dairy-based protein resulted in trivial to no ergogenic benefit in performance recovery over 24–96 h following intensified training or competition, when compared to isoenergetic CHO. Although consumption of dairy-based protein has previously been shown to facilitate protein synthesis and reduce protein breakdown, specifically in adults [ 16 ], these mechanisms did not counter acute performance decrements any better than isoenergetic CHO following a period of intensified exercise in our youth athletes.…”

“…However, no difference in responses was detected between nutritional interventions. This CK response, along with the response to other dairy-based protein supplementations, is similar to that seen in both adult male and female athletes 24–48 h following chronic team-sport exercise and competition [ 9 , 28 ]. However, following acute eccentric exercise, Cockburn et al [ 35 ] did observe an attenuation of CK 48 h post exercise with the consumption of milk-based protein.…”

Mining and Prediction of Large Sport Tournament Data Based on Bayesian Network Models for Online Data

“…Technical and tactical skills have a direct impact on the outcome of a match and are considered to be the core factors in winning a match. Although strength is the dominant factor, psychological factors, the play of the player, and other unexpected circum-stances can also be important factors in determining the outcome of a match [2]. These factors are also random and uncertain, resulting in unpredictable results in competitive matches.…”

The Acute Effects of Milk Consumption on Systemic Inflammation after Combined Resistance and Plyometric Exercise in Young Adult Females

“…The lower relative concentrations at 48 h in MILK vs. CHO suggests a potential beneficial effect of consuming milk following exercise on acute inflammation. Previous similar studies investigating milk (vs. an isoenergetic carbohydrate control) consumed after different high-intensity interval exercise protocols in trained female athletes have reported equivocal results for the acute CRP response [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. We sought to improve our understanding of the influence of milk on inflammation, as the evaluation of only one inflammatory marker (in previous studies) severely limits the ability to characterize/understand the intricacies of the inflammatory response.…”

“…Both found no effect of flavoured milk (strawberry or chocolate; vs. carbohydrate and water controls) on multiple systemic cytokines following high-intensity exercise in trained [ 14 ] and untrained [ 15 ] populations; however, the use of flavoured milk (which contains added sugars), may have masked a potential anti-inflammatory effect of milk, as foods with higher glycemic indices may increase postprandial inflammation and oxidative stress [ 16 ]. Few studies have directly examined white milk (herein referred to as milk) intake (vs. an isoenergetic carbohydrate drink) and inflammation following acute exercise, but these studies were done in trained individuals and only examined one inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP) noting neutral [ 17 , 18 ] or negative effects [ 19 ] of milk despite improvements in performance and strength. Whether post-exercise milk consumption influences pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines following high-impact exercise in untrained females remains unknown.…”