Can<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>dependence for gluodynamics be compatible with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math>periodicity in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:math>?

Halperin, Igor; Zhitnitsky, Ariel R.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.58.054016

Cited by 48 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Such a behaviour is realized in all supersymmetric cases. The same cos(θ/N c ) structure emerges even when supersymmetry is slightly broken, see details and references in [44,45]. Furthermore, such a behaviour is also supported by the Veneziano construction [38] when the Veneziano ghost saturates all relevant 2n− point correlation functions generalizing (6)…”

Section: A Low Energy Relationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…It has been argued in [44,45] that the corresponding consistent effective Lagrangian can be constructed for any rational ξ = q/p. However, in what follows, without loosing any generality, we consider the simplest and most appealing case when ξ = 1 2Nc which corresponds to E vac (θ) ∼ cos(θ/N c ) behaviour for the vacuum energy.…”

Section: A Low Energy Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this section is to review the construction of the low energy effective Lagrangian for gluodynamics [44,45]. The corresponding Effective Lagrangian contains all information provided by the low energy relations in the scalar (3) and pseudoscalar (6) channels including all multi-point correlation functions of operators G 2 and GG, which can be obtained by differentiating the two-point functions (3) and (6) with respect to 1/g 2 and θ, see e.g.…”

Section: B Effective Lagrangianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local violation effects and thermalization in QCD: Views from quantum field theory and holography

Zhitnitsky

2012

Nuclear Physics A

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We argue that the local violation of P and CP invariance in heavy ion collisions and the universal thermal aspects observed in high energy collisions are in fact two sides of the same coin, and both are related to quantum anomalies of QCD. We argue that the low energy relations representing the quantum anomalies of QCD are saturated by coherent low dimensional vacuum configurations as observed in Monte Carlo lattice studies. The thermal spectrum and approximate universality of the temperature with no dependence on energy of colliding particles in this framework is due to the fact that the emission results from the distortion of these low dimensional vacuum sheets rather than from the colliding particles themselves. The emergence of the long-range correlations of P odd domains (a feature which is apparently required for explanation of the asymmetry observed at RHIC and LHC) is also a result of the same distortion of the QCD vacuum configurations. We formulate the corresponding physics using the effective low energy effective Lagrangian. We also formulate the same physics in terms of the dual holographic picture when low-dimensional sheets of topological charge embedded in 4d space, as observed in Monte Carlo simulations, are identified with D2 branes. Finally, we argue that study of these long range correlations in heavy ion collisions could serve as a perfect test of a proposal that the observed dark energy in present epoch is a result of a tiny deviation of the QCD vacuum energy in expanding universe from its conventional value in Minkowski spacetime.

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Section: A Low Energy Relationsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: A Low Energy Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Effective Lagrangianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local violation effects and thermalization in QCD: Views from quantum field theory and holography

Zhitnitsky

2012

Nuclear Physics A

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“…It was also suggested that this phenomenon would manifest itself in specific correlations of pion momenta [22,23]. (For related studies of metastable vacuum states, especially in supersymmetric theories, see [24,25,26]). The existence of P-odd bubbles had been inferred from the analysis of an effective chiral theory incorporating axial anomaly [22]; such bubbles may also be viewed as the space-time domains occupied by gauge field configurations with non-trivial winding number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “Event by event and violation”

2008

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) contains field configurations which can be characterized by a topological invariant, the winding number Q w . Configurations with nonzero Q w break the charge-parity (CP) symmetry of QCD. We consider a novel mechanism by which these configurations can separate charge in the presence of a background magnetic field -the "Chiral Magnetic Effect". We argue that sufficiently large magnetic fields are created in heavy ion collisions so that the Chiral Magnetic Effect causes preferential emission of charged particles along the direction of angular momentum. Since separation of charge is CP-odd, any observation of the Chiral Magnetic Effect could provide a clear demonstration of the topological nature of the QCD vacuum. We give an estimate of the effect and conclude that it might be observed experimentally.

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“…This is implemented by introducing a sum over, what we will term, topological sectors of the theory over a subgroup of G (rather than the entire group, G, or only its identity element, as in [6]). As a note, summing over these sectors is somewhat akin to introducing a sum over sectors in (super) Yang-Mills to obtain the correct 2π-periodicity which was implemented in [9] (see also [10,11]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilson loops, Bianchi constraints and duality in abelian lattice models

Jaimungal

1999

Nuclear Physics B

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We introduce new modified Abelian lattice models, with inhomogeneous local interactions, in which a sum over topological sectors are included in the defining partition function. The dual models, on lattices with arbitrary topology, are constructed and they are found to contain sums over topological sectors, with modified groups, as in the original model. The role of the sum over sectors is illuminated by deriving the field-strength formulation of the models in an explicitly gauge-invariant manner. The field-strengths are found to satisfy, in addition to the usual local Bianchi constraints, global constraints. We demonstrate that the sum over sectors removes these global constraints and consequently softens the quantization condition on the global charges in the system. Duality is also used to construct mappings between the order and disorder variables in the theory and its dual. A consequence of the duality transformation is that correlators which wrap around non-trivial cycles of the lattice vanish identically. For particular dimensions this mapping allows an explicit expression for arbitrary correlators to be obtained.

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Canθ/Ndependence for gluodynamics be compatible with2πperiodicity inθ?

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Local violation effects and thermalization in QCD: Views from quantum field theory and holography

Local violation effects and thermalization in QCD: Views from quantum field theory and holography

The effects of topological charge change in heavy ion collisions: “Event by event and violation”

Wilson loops, Bianchi constraints and duality in abelian lattice models

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