Can muscle size fully account for strength differences between children and adults?

Bouchant, Antoine; Martín, Vicente; Maffiuletti, Nicola A.; Ratel, Sébastien

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01333.2010

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is well known that muscle strength increases during maturation (O'Brien et al., 2010b). Although still under debate, it is likely that this increase is mainly due to increases in muscle size (especially the PCSA), moment arm length and activation level and not changes in muscle specific contractile capacity (Bouchant et al., ). In the present study, the maximal knee extensor moments did not differ between the adolescent and middle‐aged athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of imbalanced adaptation between muscle and tendon in adolescent athletes

Mersmann

Böhm

Schroll

et al. 2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Adolescence may be regarded as a critical phase of tissue plasticity in young growing athletes, as the adaptation process of muscle-tendon unit is affected by both environmental mechanical stimuli and maturation. The present study investigated potential imbalances of knee extensor muscle strength and patellar tendon properties in adolescent compared with middle-aged athletes featuring long-term musculotendinous adaptations. Nineteen adolescent elite volleyball athletes [(A), 15.9 ± 0.6 years] and 18 middle-aged competitively active former elite volleyball athletes [(MA), 46.9 ± 0.6 years] participated in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-dynamometry sessions to determine quadriceps femoris muscle strength, vastus lateralis morphology and patellar tendon mechanical and morphological properties. There was no significant age effect on the physiological cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis and maximum knee extension moment (P > 0.05) during voluntary isometric contractions. However, the patellar tendon cross-sectional area was significantly smaller (A: 107.4 ± 27.5 mm(2) ; MA: 121.7 ± 39.8 mm(2) ) and the tendon stress during the maximal contractions was significantly higher in adolescent compared with the middle-aged athletes (A: 50.0 ± 10.1 MPa; MA: 40.0 ± 9.5 MPa). These findings provide evidence of an imbalanced development of muscle strength and tendon mechanical and morphological properties in adolescent athletes, which may have implications for the risk of tendon overuse injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of imbalanced adaptation between muscle and tendon in adolescent athletes

Mersmann

Böhm

Schroll

et al. 2013

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Existing research suggests that increases in muscular strength are a result of muscle cross-sectional area, architectural (muscle size, moment arm length) and neural (voluntary activation level) adaptations 53 186. However, the mechanisms appear to differ according to the stage of development and are tissue dependent (ie, muscle vs tendon).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Youth Resistance Training For the Developmementioning

confidence: 99%

Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus

et al. 2013

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The current manuscript has been adapted from the official position statement of the UK Strength and Conditioning Association on youth resistance training. It has subsequently been reviewed and endorsed by leading professional organisations within the fields of sports medicine, exercise science and paediatrics. The authorship team for this article was selected from the fields of paediatric exercise science, paediatric medicine, physical education, strength and conditioning and sports medicine.

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“…The role of quantitative factors (i.e., muscle mass and muscle moment arm) has been advocated (38,46), but the implication of qualitative factors (e.g., nervous factors) remains unclear (7,46). Indeed, some studies have shown that even when muscle strength is normalized to muscle dimensions, differences between children and adults may persist (46).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Muscle Length on Voluntary Activation Level in Children and Adults

Kluka

Martín

Vicencio

et al. 2015

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Can muscle size fully account for strength differences between children and adults?

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Evidence of imbalanced adaptation between muscle and tendon in adolescent athletes

Evidence of imbalanced adaptation between muscle and tendon in adolescent athletes

Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus

Effect of Muscle Length on Voluntary Activation Level in Children and Adults

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