Can natural irrigants replace sodium hypochlorite? A systematic review

Susila, Anand V.; Sai, Shamini; Sharma, Nikita; Balasubramaniam, Arthi; Veronica, Aruna Kumari; Nivedhitha, M. S.

doi:10.1007/s00784-023-04913-7

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Hypochlorous acid and other compounds, being sources of chlorine, are widely used in medicine as antiseptics (e.g., in Microdacyn 60 Wound Care) [24,25]. These compounds are commonly used in endodontics, but they are quite toxic to aquatic organisms [26]. EOs, being volatile compounds, characterized by a strong aroma, constitute a source of substances with antiseptic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Selected Commercial Antiseptics with Natural Products against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain

Sienkiewicz,

Młodzińska,

Kilanowicz

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The carriage of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains may determine the subsequent occurrence of infection, which mainly affects patients after surgeries. Therefore, its eradication with the use of antibiotics or antiseptics is a crucial method of preventing staphylococcal self-infections. The observed increase in bacterial resistance to known antibacterial substances poses a huge challenge to scientists. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction of selected commercial antiseptics (Braunol, CITROclorex 2%, Microdacyn 60 Wound Care, Octenisept and Prontoderm Solution) with natural products (carvacrol, β-citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, farnesol, (-)-menthone, eucalyptol, limonene, linalyl acetate and trans-anethole) against the MRSA standard strain. The antistaphylococcal activity of commercial antiseptics in combination with natural products against MRSA was determined using the checkerboard method. The obtained results showed that most combinations decreased the MIC level of the commercial antiseptic and natural compounds. A statistically significant decrease in the MIC value of the antiseptic and natural constituent was observed for the Braunol–β-citronellol combination. Such a significant decrease in the MIC value of the natural compound against the analyzed strain was also detected for the Octenisept–β-citronellol and Prontoderm Solution–β-citronellol combinations. The interaction analysis showed that out of all 20 combinations of individual antiseptics with substances of natural origin, two combinations showed a synergistic effect (Braunol–β-citronellol, Braunol–carvacrol), and three combinations showed an additive effect (Braunol–eugenol, Braunol–geraniol, Prontoderm Solution–β-citronellol). The use of Braunol in combination with β-citronellol or carvacrol may become an alternative method of eradicating MRSA strains. However, further studies are needed to determine the toxicity of the analyzed combinations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Selected Commercial Antiseptics with Natural Products against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain

Sienkiewicz,

Młodzińska,

Kilanowicz

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…(Bagwe et al, 2023) It is utilized as an active component in topical preparations and as a mild solvent. German chamomile, a medicinal herb found in south and east Europe, interferes with bacterial ATP synthesis and pH balance, providing antiinflammatory, antibacterial, sedative, healing, and spasmolytic effects (Karkare et al, 2015;Moukarab, 2020;Singhania et al, 2022;Susila et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of German Chamomile Extract, Tea Tree Oil and Chlorhexidine as Root Canal Irrigants against E-faecalis and Streptococcus Mutans – An In Vitro Study

2023

IJAB

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Article HistoryBackground: In endodontic therapy, root canal irrigants are utilized to enhance mechanical debridement. However, conventional irrigants have certain drawbacks, such as being incapable of removing the smear layer, causing tissue irritation, toxicity, and unpleasant taste, especially in children. Therefore, there is a growing necessity to explore natural alternatives, such as herbal irrigants. This study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of German chamomile, tea tree oil (TTO), and chlorhexidine (CHX) as root canal irrigants against E. faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Method: Fifteen test samples of German chamomile extract, tea tree oil, and chlorhexidine were taken. Indicator strains were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar at 37ºC for 24 hr. In preparation for the experiment, a 15 ml base layer of BHI agar was mixed with 300µl of each inoculum and placed in individual sterilized petri plates. Once the culture medium had solidified, four wells were created on each plate and subsequently filled with the designated testing materials. This methodology was employed to ensure methodological rigor and accuracy in the experimental process. In preparation for the experiment, a 15 ml base layer of BHI agar was mixed with 300µl of each inoculum and placed in individual sterilized petri plates. Once the culture medium had solidified, four wells were created on each plate and subsequently filled with the designated testing materials. This methodology was employed to ensure methodological rigor and accuracy in the experimental process. The plates were kept for 2 hours at room temperature for the diffusion of the material and then incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours. Antibacterial tests were repeated 5 times for homogeneity of the results. Results: The comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine 2%, tea tree oil, and German chamomile showed a significant difference whereas the comparison between chlorhexidine 2% and tea tree oil was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The effective reduction in the microbial count by all three test irrigants was observed to be significant. The antimicrobial efficacy of tea tree oil was found to be better than 2% chlorhexidine and German chamomile extract.

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“…Additionally, the use of natural products provides a plenteous source of bioactive molecules that can be beneficial in endodontic treatment. Extracts of neem, aloe vera, garlic, miswak and propolis are among those that have been investigated with comparable antibacterial action to those exhibited by NaOCl [21,22]. Another natural-based product that has caught our attention is effective ecoproduce (EEP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Evaluation of Effective Ecoproduce (EEP) as a Potential Root Canal Irrigant: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

Hung,

Mahyuddin,

Sockalingam

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Concerns have been raised about the usage of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in endodontics following its toxic effects. Effective ecoproduce (EEP), an organic solution produced through the fermentation of fruit peels, exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm action, suggesting its potential as an endodontic irrigant. However, studies on its cytotoxicity are limited. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of EEP at different concentrations and fermentation periods against the MC3T3-E1 cell. EEP derived from orange and pineapple peel waste and fermented for 3 and 6 months was prepared from 100% to 0.78% concentration. Briefly, 2.5% NaOCl was used as the comparison group. Cell viability was analysed using Alamar Blue and Live and Dead Cell assay. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes to the cells. Data analysis was performed using a two-way mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). EEP exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity regardless of the fermentation period (p > 0.05). A concentration below 6.25% was non-cytotoxic and comparable to the negative control (p > 0.05). Live and Dead Cell assay and TEM analysis complement the findings. The mean cell viability of EEP at all concentrations for both fermentation periods was significantly higher than that of 2.5% NaOCl (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 6.25% EEP fermented for 3 and 6 months are non-cytotoxic and can serve as an alternative endodontic irrigants.

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Can natural irrigants replace sodium hypochlorite? A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Interaction of Selected Commercial Antiseptics with Natural Products against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain

Interaction of Selected Commercial Antiseptics with Natural Products against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of German Chamomile Extract, Tea Tree Oil and Chlorhexidine as Root Canal Irrigants against E-faecalis and Streptococcus Mutans – An In Vitro Study

Cytotoxic Evaluation of Effective Ecoproduce (EEP) as a Potential Root Canal Irrigant: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

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