Can nutrients alone shift a sedge meadow towards dominance by the invasive Typha × glauca

Woo, Isa; Zedler, Joy B.

doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0509:cnasas]2.0.co;2

Cited by 142 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Likewise, nitrogen-rich leaf material often attracts herbivores (Mattson 1980), which could reduce litter inputs or reduce plant vigor. However, the greatest threat nutrient loading poses to sedge-meadow restoration is promotion of competitively dominant invasive species, such as P. arundinacea and T. x glauca, which readily allocate nutrients to growing tissues and reduce C. stricta biomass when grown in mixtures under eutrophic conditions (Wetzel and Van Der Valk 1998, Green and Galatowitsch 2002, Woo and Zedler 2002. In fact, Kercher et al (2007) noted synergistic interactions between prolonged flooding and nutrient addition that promote an invaded state, which might be maintained through feedbacks (Zedler 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of tussocks by sedges: effects of hydroperiod and nutrients

Lawrence¹,

Zedler²

2011

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Tussock formation is a global phenomenon that enhances microtopography and increases biodiversity by adding structure to ecological communities, but little is known about tussock development in relation to environmental factors. To further efforts to restore wetland microtopography and associated functions, we investigated Carex stricta tussock size in relation to elevation (a proxy for water depth) at a range of sites in southern Wisconsin, USA, and tested the effect of five hydroperiods and N þ P addition (15 g N/m 2 þ 0.37 g P/m 2 ) on tussock formation during a three-year mesocosm experiment. Wet meadows dominated by C. stricta averaged 4.9 tussocks/m 2 , with a mean volume of 1160 cm 3 and height of 15 cm. Within sites, taller tussocks occurred at lower elevations, suggesting a structural adaptation to anoxic conditions. In our mesocosm experiment, C. stricta accelerated tussock formation when inundated, and it increased overall productivity with N þ P addition. Within two growing seasons, continuous inundation (þ18 cm) in the mesocosms led to tussocks that were nearly as tall as in our field survey (mean height in mesocosms, 10 6 1.3 cm; maximum, 17 cm). Plants grown with constant low water (À18 cm) only formed short mounds (mean height ¼ 2 6 0.4 cm). After three growing seasons, the volume of the largest tussocks (3274 6 376 cm 3 , grown with þ18 cm water depth and N þ P addition) was 12 times that of the smallest (275 6 38 cm 3 , grown with À18 cm water depth and no N þ P). Though tussock composition varied among hydroperiods, tussocks were predominantly organic (74-94% of dry mass) and composed of leaf bases (46-59%), fine roots (10-31%), and duff (5-13%). Only the plants subjected to high water levels produced the vertically oriented rhizomes and ascending shoot bases that were prevalent in field-collected tussocks. Under continuous or periodic inundation, tussocks achieved similar heights and accumulated similar levels of organic matter (range: 163-394 g C/m 2 ), and we conclude that these hydroperiods can accelerate tussock formation. Thus, C. stricta has high utility for restoring wetland microtopography and associated functions, including carbon accumulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of tussocks by sedges: effects of hydroperiod and nutrients

Lawrence¹,

Zedler²

2011

Ecological Applications

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“…Paradoxically, another common invasive, Lythrum salicaria (LYSA2), did not respond independently to CSI or HMI despite its dominance of the seed bank (Johnson 2003, Frieswyk and and reports that it increased with disturbance in Great Lakes coastal wetlands Wolf 2005, Stanley et al 2005). We also expected that the cover of Carex species would decrease in response to land use intensification (Galatowitsch et al 2000), grazing (Middleton 2002), sedimentation (Werner and Zedler 2002), nutrient inputs (Woo and Zedler 2002), and invasion by TYinv and PHAR3 (Wilcox et al 1985). Four of the five Carex species that were incorporated into the final models did decrease with increasing CSI, but C. lacustris (CALA16) unexpectedly increased with increas-PLATE 1.…”

Section: Taxa Incorporated Into Basin-wide Csi Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The invasive TYGL has displaced native Typha throughout the Great Lakes (Chow-Fraser et al 1998, Frieswyk and. TYGL has high growth and photosynthetic rates (Farnsworth and Meyerson 2003) and short rhizome lengths (Woo and Zedler 2002) that allow it to form dense, monotypic stands. TYGL is highly competitive under fluctuating water levels (Smith 1987, Waters and Shay 1992, Galatowitsch et al 1999), in part due to its floating mat formation (Hogg and Wein 1988), but its expansion has been linked to water-level stabilization in several studies (Shay et al 1999, Boers et al 2007, Wilcox et al 2007).…”

Section: Taxa Incorporated Into Basin-wide Csi Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning Vegetation Response to Anthropogenic Stress to Develop Multi‐taxa Wetland Indicators

Johnston

Ghioca

Tulbure

et al. 2008

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Emergent plants can be suitable indicators of anthropogenic stress in coastal wetlands if their responses to natural environmental variation can be parsed from their responses to human activities in and around wetlands. We used hierarchical partitioning to evaluate the independent influence of geomorphology, geography, and anthropogenic stress on common wetland plants of the U.S. Great Lakes coast and developed multi-taxa models indicating wetland condition. A seven-taxon model predicted condition relative to watershedderived anthropogenic stress, and a four-taxon model predicted condition relative to withinwetland anthropogenic stressors that modified hydrology. The Great Lake on which the wetlands occurred explained an average of about half the variation in species cover, and subdividing the data by lake allowed us to remove that source of variation. We developed lake-specific multi-taxa models for all of the Great Lakes except Lake Ontario, which had no plant species with significant independent effects of anthropogenic stress. Plant responses were both positive (increasing cover with stress) and negative (decreasing cover with stress), and plant taxa incorporated into the lake-specific models differed by Great Lake. The resulting models require information on only a few taxa, rather than all plant species within a wetland, making them easier to implement than existing indicators.

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“…e. Select marsh design appropriate for target vegetation The design of marsh compensation sites can influence the establishment and composition of plant communities. 42,43 Most compensation marshes in the estuary are built as elevated marsh benches with a protective riprap berm bordering the foreshore ( Figure 7A). Although design specifics vary, these marshes are typically capable of supporting target sedge communities.…”

Section: Consider Influence Of Salt Wedge In Selection Of Native Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Marsh and Riparian Habitat Compensation in the Fraser River Estuary: A Guide for Managers and Practitioners

Lievesley¹,

Stewart²,

Mason³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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A guide designed to help improve the state of habitat compensation in the Fraser River Estuary by making sound, evidence-based recommendations guided by the findings of Lievesley and Stewart (2016), Assessing Habitat Compensation and Examining Limitation to Native Plant Establishment in the Lower Fraser River Estuary. The findings from this study indicate that only one-third of sampled marsh habitat compensation projects created between 1983 and 2010 are acceptably compensating for habitat losses; and that several riparian habitat compensation projects from this same time period had significant deficiencies. These findings indicate that there is still much room for improvement in the field of habitat compensation in the Fraser River Estuary.

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Can nutrients alone shift a sedge meadow towards dominance by the invasive Typha × glauca

Cited by 142 publications

References 44 publications

Formation of tussocks by sedges: effects of hydroperiod and nutrients

Formation of tussocks by sedges: effects of hydroperiod and nutrients

Partitioning Vegetation Response to Anthropogenic Stress to Develop Multi‐taxa Wetland Indicators

Marsh and Riparian Habitat Compensation in the Fraser River Estuary: A Guide for Managers and Practitioners

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