Can ocean iron fertilization mitigate ocean acidification?

Cao, Long; Caldeira, Ken

doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9799-4

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…2008; Matear & Elliott, 2004) and ocean acidity (Cao & Caldeira, 2010). Impacts on the food web are hard to predict (Strong et al, 2009) and in case of overfertilization, excessive blooms could cause patches of oxygen depletion (anoxia) (Russell et al, 2012) or toxicity (Denman, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential implications of carbon dioxide removal for the sustainable development goals

2020

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As the international community's best expression of a collective vision of a desirable future, the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a framework against which to assess the broader impact of emerging technologies. Implications of technologies and practices for removing CO 2 from the atmosphere (CDR) are not fully understood and have not yet been mapped against the full range of SDGs. CDR is widely seen as necessary to achieve the Paris Agreement's global goal of limiting warming to 1.5-2°C, yet local geographical, socioeconomic , and political interdependencies are often overlooked. This review synthesizes the best available understandings of potential implications of CDR options aiming to complement emissions reductions. It seeks to identify effects on and interactions between specific social, environmental, and policy environments, in which various CDR options could be pursued. Climate change mitigation and co-benefits from CDR could significantly benefit SDGs, yet poorly designed CDR policies could also challenge SDGs. Specific CDR options could generate conflicts over land, water, biomass, or electric power resources, and exclude communities from policy benefits with negative cascading effects for a range of SDGs. In the literature, implications of CDR activities on sustainable development are derived from current pilot activities, inferred from similar practices already operational or model outputs regarding land, energy, or material requirements. Important gaps remain. We identify questions for further disciplinary and inter-or transdisciplinary work strengthening understanding of how CDR could either support or threaten the achievement of the SDGs. Key policy insights. CO 2 removal (CDR) appears essential for limiting warming to well below 2°C; such stabilization of global climate is a precondition for at least partially achieving the SDGs.. CDR options can generate positive and negative local/regional impacts on various SDGs via physical, social, economic, and political channels. None of these options are universally 'good' or 'bad'.. The scale of implementation of CDR and related impacts are highly dependent on policy design and national planning processes.. More research is needed to clarify how policy design can allow CDR options to generate synergies between, and prevent harm across, multiple SDGs.

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confidence: 99%

Potential implications of carbon dioxide removal for the sustainable development goals

2020

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“…Such unpredictability also connects to ambiguity in that there will be different determinations of appropriate interventions where some question how much to "meddle" in the environment for the sake of human needs or otherwise. The case of proposed iron fertilization to combat ocean acidification elucidates the challenges that arise when moving from theoretical models [99] to (unauthorized) experimentation-and resultant controversy-at sea (see [100] for summary).…”

Section: Building With Nature (High Intervention Anthropocentric)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing marine ecosystem restoration: the role of discourses and uncertainties

et al. 2018

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Governing marine environments has evolved from dominant interests in exploitation, allocation, conservation, and protection to restoration. Compared to terrestrial and freshwater environments, restoration of and in marine ecosystems presents a new mode of intervention with both technical and governance challenges. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the important factors at play in governing marine ecosystem restoration. Discourses of marine ecosystem restoration are an important factor which shape how the restoration activity is governed, as discourses structure how actors and coalitions define problems and their approaches to solutions. The article produces a conceptual model of the discourses of marine ecosystem restoration, built on two dimensions: (1) the degree of human intervention and (2) motivations for restoration. Together, these dimensions create four broad restoration discourses: "Putting Nature First," "Bringing Nature Back," "Helping Nature support Humans," and "Building with Nature." Moreover, marine ecosystem restoration is confronted with different forms of uncertainty, such as incomplete knowledge, unpredictability, and ambiguity, which must be managed by actors participating in restoration initiatives. The article's overall contribution is the synthesis of these components, which illuminates the specific governance challenges under various circumstances.

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“…Earlier studies, which used biogeochemical cycle models without the explicit iron cycle, implicitly modeled the effect of iron fertilization, e.g., by depleting near-surface phosphate (Sarmiento and Orr 1991). These studies tended to report optimistic potentials for atmospheric CO 2 drawdown, and some reported approximately 100 ppm of CO 2 drawdown (Joos et al 1991;Cao and Caldeira 2010b). As the models improved, however, estimates of the potential were revised downward in most studies.…”

Section: Modeling Of Cdrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling in Earth system science up to and beyond IPCC AR5

Hajima

Kawamiya

Watanabe

et al. 2014

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Changes in the natural environment that are the result of human activities are becoming evident. Since these changes are interrelated and can not be investigated without interdisciplinary collaboration between scientific fields, Earth system science (ESS) is required to provide a framework for recognizing anew the Earth system as one composed of its interacting subsystems. The concept of ESS has been partially realized by Earth system models (ESMs). In this paper, we focus on modeling in ESS, review related findings mainly from the latest assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and introduce tasks under discussion for the next phases of the following areas of science: the global nitrogen cycle, ocean acidification, land-use and land-cover change, ESMs of intermediate complexity, climate geoengineering, ocean CO 2 uptake, and deposition of bioavailable iron in marine ecosystems. Since responding to global change is a pressing mission in Earth science, modeling will continue to contribute to the cooperative growth of diversifying disciplines and expanding ESS, because modeling connects traditional disciplines through explicit interaction between them.

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Can ocean iron fertilization mitigate ocean acidification?

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Potential implications of carbon dioxide removal for the sustainable development goals

Potential implications of carbon dioxide removal for the sustainable development goals

Governing marine ecosystem restoration: the role of discourses and uncertainties

Modeling in Earth system science up to and beyond IPCC AR5

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