Can Olfactory Tests Help to Diagnose Parkinson Disease?

Kim, Jin Kook

doi:10.21053/ceo.2019.00199

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, even though the UPSIT used in this study is an internationally common olfactory function test tool that has been published in 30 languages, it is difficult to exclude the possible issue of unfamiliarity. In a previous Korean study reported that odor identification rate could be low regardless of the clinical characteristics of patients due to cultural differences and individual scent familiarity ( Kim, 2019 ). As increasing evidence emerges for an association between cognitive dysfunction and olfactory dysfunction, the development and implementation of an olfactory function test that is culture-friendly for older people with cognitive dysfunction may be urgent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Cognitive Function, Depression, and Olfactory Function in Elderly People With Dementia in Korea

Cha

Kim

Son

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Early detection is important for delaying or preventing cognitive impairment. Since olfactory dysfunction and depression are common symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, they may serve as measurable risk indicators. This study was designed to identify the relationship between olfaction, depression, and each domain of cognitive function in elderly dementia patients in South Korea. Study participants were 108 patients who visited the outpatient clinic between March and September 2019. More significant impairment of olfactory function was found in those with mild (7.48 ± 1.28) or moderate (7.37 ± 2.22) test scores of the Expanded Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale than in those with questionable scores (20.58 ± 6.18). The language domain of cognitive function, age, and education level showed 39.2% explanatory power for olfactory function (F = 5.591, p < 0.001). It is expected that assessment of olfactory function in elderly people can lead to the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of dementia. Furthermore, it is important for future studies to confirm the relationship between each domain of cognitive function and olfactory function according to the type of dementia and to establish criteria for screening dementia in order to utilize olfactory function as a clinical marker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Cognitive Function, Depression, and Olfactory Function in Elderly People With Dementia in Korea

Cha

Kim

Son

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…16 Of various olfactory testing kits available, the UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) and Sniffin-sticks are much popular and widely utilized for screening olfaction in idiopathic PD patients. 17,18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia in Parkinson’s Disease in Pakistan: A Matched Case – Control Study

Mukhtar¹,

Wadd²,

Haider³

et al. 2022

Pak J Neurol Surg

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Objective: To assess olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in Pakistan utilizing an autochthonous smell test. Setting: Tertiary care center, single-center study. Materials and Methods: Eighty-seven non-demented patients with PD, who fulfilled Queen Square Brain Bank Criteria were enrolled at the Movement Disorder Clinic, Lahore General Hospital (LGH), Lahore. Fifty-eight controls matched by gender, age, and place of residence were enrolled among patients and visitors attending other hospital clinics. Both groups underwent olfactory testing using the Pakistani Smell Identification test (PKSIT). The participants were required to identify the smell from a set of choices and were scored out of 10. Results: Among patients in the study group, the mean duration of disease was 4.7 years (range 6 months to 19 years). The PD onset mean age was 52.15 ± 13.02 years among patients. The mean number of smell test items accurately recognized by the PD patients was 4.55 ± 2.4. A multiple linear regression demonstrated that age (P < 0.05) but not disease duration (P = 0.899) was a significant determinant of the smell test result in PD and control groups. The mean number of smell test items appropriately recognized by the controls was 7.33 ± 1.69. Logistic regression showed that the PKSIT had 73.2% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity to distinguish PD from control. Conclusion: PKSIT being easily available, cheap, and more convenient to use in the Pakistani population, can be used in the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in PD subjects.

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Can Olfactory Tests Help to Diagnose Parkinson Disease?

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Associations Between Cognitive Function, Depression, and Olfactory Function in Elderly People With Dementia in Korea

Associations Between Cognitive Function, Depression, and Olfactory Function in Elderly People With Dementia in Korea

Anosmia in Parkinson’s Disease in Pakistan: A Matched Case – Control Study

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