Can Patient Education with a Smartphone Application Improve the Quality of Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy?

Effectiveness of bowel preparation innovative technology instructions (BPITIs) on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All trials were included in the quantitative analyses. Eight studies (17.0%) were reported in conference proceedings, with only abstracts being available 30 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 44 , 52 , 55 , 65 . Publication dates ranged from 2001 and 2022.…”

“…We found six trials (10.4%) with multiple intervention groups; these trials were included in more than one comparison 39 , 41 , 45 , 51 , 56 , 69 . The included studies were conducted in 13 countries: the United States (12 studies) 32 , 36 , 40 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 57 – 59 , 62 , 64 , 67 , China (10 studies) 16 , 35 , 37 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 63 , 69 , 71 , 72 , the Republic of Korea (9 studies) 31 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 51 , 53 , 54 , Spain (three studies) 29 , 48 , 60 , Hong Kong 42 , 43 , Germany 12 , 68 , and the Netherlands 17 , 66 (two studies each), and Australia 56 , Canada 65 , Denmark 34 , Lebanon 61 , Taiwan 70 , and the United Kingdom 30 (one study each). One study did not report the study setting 33 (Supplementary S8).…”

“…Among the 47 included studies, 45 studies (95.7%) reported at least one of the primary outcomes 12 , 16 , 17 , 29 – 55 , 57 – 61 , 63 – 72 . The two most common outcomes were adequate bowel preparation rate and quality of bowel preparation score outcomes, which were investigated in 37 trials (78.7%) 12 , 16 , 17 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 – 44 , 46 – 50 , 52 – 54 , 57 , 59 – 61 , 63 – 70 , 72 and 34 trials (72.3%) 12 , 16 , 17 , 31 – 35 , 38 – 41 , 43 – 48 , 51 – 55 , 57 – 59 , 61 , 64 , 66 – 69 , 71 , 72 , respectively. (Supplementary S10) Various validated bowel preparation scales were used to evaluate the quality of bowel preparation in the included studies.…”

“…(Supplementary S10) Various validated bowel preparation scales were used to evaluate the quality of bowel preparation in the included studies. We identified 26 included studies using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) 12 , 17 , 29 – 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 – 41 , 44 , 45 , 55 , 59 , 60 , 63 – 69 , 71 , 72 , 10 using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (OBPS) 16 , 38 , 46 , 47 , 51 – 54 , 57 , 58 , five using the Aronchick scale (AC) 36 , 42 , 49 , 61 , 70 , one using the Harefield Cleansing Scale (HCS) 48 , and one using the AC and BBPS as measuring scales 43 . Two studies did not report the name of the bowel preparation scale used to evaluate bowel preparation quality in their trial report 34 , 50 .…”

“…3 . 23 studies (48.9%) were classified as having an unclear risk of bias for the overall risk of bias 12 , 30 , 32 – 34 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 61 , 63 , 65 – 68 , 72 , 11 studies (23.4%) as having a high risk of bias 17 , 29 , 40 , 42 , 48 , 50 , 56 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 64 , and 13 studies (27.7%) as having low risk of bias 16 , 31 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 53 , 69 – 71 .

Figure 3 Summary risk of bias of included studies.

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