Can PEM Fuel Cells Experience Appreciable Degradation at Short Circuit?

Bonnet, Caroline; Lapicque, François; Belhadj, Mohammed Mustapha; Gérardin, Karine; Raël, Stéphane; Hinaje, Melika; Mitchell, L. K.; Goldsmith, Veronica C.; Kmiotek, S.J.

doi:10.1002/fuce.201600025

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In other words, the cell was observed to act as a perfect current source, controlled by the hydrogen flow rate after Faraday's law. Moreover, this unusual FC operation, which implies a FC voltage far below the threshold recommended by the cell manufacturer, was shown to not affect the aging of the fuel cell, compared with usual operating conditions . As an interesting result, it can be stated that direct hybridization of a single FC with SC does not require any precharge device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

et al. 2018

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A single polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been directly hybridized to a stack of three supercapacitors: the system formed has been investigated in operation in the fuel cell dynamic load cycle, which emulates the energy demand in transported applications. Comparison with regular, non‐hybridized fuel cell operation was analyzed in terms of hydrogen consumption in the case that the gas flow rates are directly controlled by cell current during the cycles with constant gas stoichiometric factors: the smoothening effect of the supercapacitors in the overall circuit leads to more even profiles of the cell current and voltage in the cycle, which allows safer and better hydrogen consumption management in this regime: the average H2 consumption per cycle could be reduced by 16% without change of the overall energy produced. Besides, the runs were conducted over more than 1,300 hours with evaluation of the fuel cell performance and capacity at regular intervals, with or without hybridization. A moderate positive effect of hybridization was observed in the time variations of the voltage‐current curves and the fuel crossover. However, the resistances for ohmic, charge transfer and diffusion phenomena, were not so much improved by the hybridization, in spite of less sharp voltage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

et al. 2018

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“…In this case, if the SC is initially discharged, a direct connection between the FC and the SC happens which is comparable to a short circuit of the FC resulting in a high peak inrush current . In [34], a study shows that the short circuit operation reduced the mass transfer performance that is reflected as a higher voltage drop at high current levels. To avoid this phenomenon a SC pre-charging system is implemented, as patented by NISSAN in 2005 [35].…”

Section: Fig 2 Full-scale Nemo Vehicle Speed and Power From An On-road Test Drivementioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell/supercapacitor passive configuration sizing approach for vehicular applications

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Macías

Jacome

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Active configuration i.e., source coupling via a power converter, is the most common configuration for fuel cell/supercapacitor (FC/SC) vehicles. Passive connection of the FC with the SCs without any converters is an original and less expensive solution to distribute the power among the sources. This passive configuration does not require an energy management strategy. In fact, the power distribution only depends on the FC and SC impedance characteristics. Conventional methods to size the SC follow two criteria: storage capacity and maximum voltage. In this paper, a third criterion is added which is the FC operating current dynamics. This novel sizing methodology reduces the FC degradation and improves the global system efficiency. Experimental results provide validation to the proposed sizing approach. The SCs boost the FC to meet the requirements of the load with a guarantee of system stability reaching higher global performances and less stress to the FC.

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“…This crucial point was investigated in LRGP laboratory (the chemical engineering laboratory from the University of Lorraine), by following the state-of-health of a 100 cm² single FC, submitted to a short-circuit at 0.6 A/cm², set by the corresponding hydrogen flow rate [3]. After more than 2,000 hours operation, the delivered current was still around 98% of that corresponding to the injected H2 flow rate, and the features of cell were just a little affected, in comparison to usual operating conditions.…”

Section: A Fuel Cell Operating As a Current Source Controlled By Hydmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of a Small Single Fuel Cell to Feed a 10-H Superconducting Coil

Hinaje

Raël

Berger

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract-In this paper, we propose to replace the usual dedicated electronic power supplies of superconducting coil, which are in most cases a huge volume and/or a low energy yield, by a 100 cm² single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Indeed, fuel cells are electrochemical converters which can be considered as DC low voltage electrical source. Preliminary investigations led with a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) could evidence the behavior as a DC current source, in which the current is directly controlled by the hydrogen flow rate. In a first step, we highlighted the feasibility by supplying a small superconducting coil, with an inductance value of 4 mH by means of a single PEMFC and proved that dedicated power source can be replaced by fuel cell. The second step is to feed a superconducting coil with higher inductance, 10 H, as presented in the present work.  Index Terms-power supply, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, superconducting coils.

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Can PEM Fuel Cells Experience Appreciable Degradation at Short Circuit?

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

Fuel cell/supercapacitor passive configuration sizing approach for vehicular applications

The Use of a Small Single Fuel Cell to Feed a 10-H Superconducting Coil

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