Can plants evolve stable alliances with the enemies' enemies?

Sabelis, Maurice W.; Janssen, Arne; Takabayashi, Junji

doi:10.1080/17429145.2011.556262

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although some of the relationships between the two kingdoms, such as pollination, are mutually beneficial, the most common interaction involves insect folivory and plant direct and indirect defenses against herbivorous insects [35], [49], [50]. On the basis of this long-standing relationship, it is not surprising that the strategies used by plants to resist or evade insect herbivores may be based on a common strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgo biloba Responds to Herbivory by Activating Early Signaling and Direct Defenses

et al. 2012

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Background Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses.Methodology/Principal FindingsEarly and late responses in mechanically wounded leaves and in leaves damaged by S. littoralis included plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) variations, time-course changes in both cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and H2O2 production, the regulation of genes correlated to terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, the induction of direct defense compounds, and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that G. biloba responded to hebivory with a significant Vm depolarization which was associated to significant increases in both [Ca2+]cyt and H2O2. Several defense genes were regulated by herbivory, including those coding for ROS scavenging enzymes and the synthesis of terpenoids and flavonoids. Metabolomic analyses revealed the herbivore-induced production of several flavonoids and VOCs. Surprisingly, no significant induction by herbivory was found for two of the most characteristic G. biloba classes of bioactive compounds; ginkgolides and bilobalides.Conclusions/SignificanceBy studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this “living fossil” plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgo biloba Responds to Herbivory by Activating Early Signaling and Direct Defenses

et al. 2012

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“…HIPVs released by plants promote the effectiveness of natural enemies of herbivorous arthropods as a mechanism of indirect plant defense [136]. Interestingly, predatory mite species have been conditioned to associate certain HIPVs with the presence of herbivorous prey, becoming attracted to these volatile chemicals.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Plant Allomonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Carr

Roe

2016

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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The Acari are of significant economic importance in crop production and human and animal health. Acaricides are essential for the control of these pests, but at the same time, the number of available pesticides is limited, especially for applications in animal production. The Acari consist of two major groups, the mites that demonstrate a wide variety of life strategies, i.e., herbivory, predation and ectoparasitism, and ticks which have evolved obligatory hematophagy. The major sites of chemoreception in the acarines are the chelicerae, palps and tarsi on the forelegs. A unifying name, the “foretarsal sensory organ” (FSO), is proposed for the first time in this review for the sensory site on the forelegs of all acarines. The FSO has multiple sensory functions including olfaction, gustation, and heat detection. Preliminary transcriptomic data in ticks suggest that chemoreception in the FSO is achieved by a different mechanism from insects. There are a variety of laboratory and field bioassay methods that have been developed for the identification and characterization of attractants but minimal techniques for electrophysiology studies. Over the past three to four decades, significant progress has been made in the chemistry and analysis of function for acarine attractants in mites and ticks. In mites, attractants include aggregation, immature female, female sex and alarm pheromones; in ticks, the attraction–aggregation–attachment, assembly and sex pheromones; in mites and ticks host kairomones and plant allomones; and in mites, fungal allomones. There are still large gaps in our knowledge of chemical communication in the acarines compared to insects, especially relative to acarine pheromones, and more so for mites than ticks. However, the use of lure-and-kill and lure-enhanced biocontrol strategies has been investigated for tick and mite control, respectively, with significant environmental advantages which warrant further study.

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“…Hence, higher spatial structure may favour the evolution of warning signals among hosts (Kobayashi & Yamamura, ). In some other biological systems, the communication may involve a third species that may interact with the pathogen or the predator (Sabelis et al., ). Taking into account the effect of spatial structure on the coevolution between two species to fight a third one raises new theoretical challenges (Sabelis et al., ).…”

Section: Host Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of spatially structured host–parasite interactions

Lion

Gandon

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

114

105

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Spatial structure has dramatic effects on the demography and the evolution of species. A large variety of theoretical models have attempted to understand how local dispersal may shape the coevolution of interacting species such as host-parasite interactions. The lack of a unifying framework is a serious impediment for anyone willing to understand current theory. Here, we review previous theoretical studies in the light of a single epidemiological model that allows us to explore the effects of both host and parasite migration rates on the evolution and coevolution of various life-history traits. We discuss the impact of local dispersal on parasite virulence, various host defence strategies and local adaptation. Our analysis shows that evolutionary and coevolutionary outcomes crucially depend on the details of the host-parasite life cycle and on which life-history trait is involved in the interaction. We also discuss experimental studies that support the effects of spatial structure on the evolution of host-parasite interactions. This review highlights major similarities between some theoretical results, but it also reveals an important gap between evolutionary and coevolutionary models. We discuss possible ways to bridge this gap within a more unified framework that would reconcile spatial epidemiology, evolution and coevolution.

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Can plants evolve stable alliances with the enemies' enemies?

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Ginkgo biloba Responds to Herbivory by Activating Early Signaling and Direct Defenses

Ginkgo biloba Responds to Herbivory by Activating Early Signaling and Direct Defenses

Acarine attractants: Chemoreception, bioassay, chemistry and control

Evolution of spatially structured host–parasite interactions

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