Can Population Effects of Pesticides Be Predicted from Demographic Toxicological Studies?

Stark, John D.; Wennergren, Uno

doi:10.1093/jee/88.5.1089

Cited by 122 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…The highest r m was obtained for adults in the control (0.32), while for aphids submitted to the highest neem concentration this rate was zero (Figure 3). These results corroborate those by Stark & Wennergren (1995) on effects of the neem-based insecticide Margosan-O against the aphid A. pisum.…”

Section: Effects Of Neem On Longevity and Reproductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Adults submitted to the control treatment and to the lowest neem concentration (23.8 mg/100 mL) produced twice as many nymphs in relation to adults maintained on leaf discs treated with 410.0 mg of neem extract/100 mL. Neem extracts at several concentrations reduced the fecundity of the aphids A. pisum on faba bean plants (Stark & Rangus, 1994;Stark & Wennergren, 1995), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on sweet pepper, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) on lettuce, and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) on strawberry (Lowery & Isman, 1996), Elatobium abietinum (Walker) on conifers (Partridge & Borden, 1997) and T. citricida on citrus (Tang et al, 2002). Survival A. gossypii adults had their longevity and biological cycle duration reduced as a function of the neem extract concentrations (Table 3).…”

Section: Effects Of Neem On Longevity and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of neem extract on the cotton aphid

Santos

Costa

Torres

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a harmful pest on cotton, causes direct damage, reducing plant vigor, and indirect damage by honeydew secretion and transmission of several viruses. Due to the problem of pesticide resistance, alternative techniques for chemical control, such as the use of natural insecticides, have been object of research. The effects of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed powder on the development, survival and fecundity of A. gossypii were evaluated. Treatments consisted of neem seed powder in the concentrations of 23.8, 122.0, 410.0 and 1,410.0 mg/100 mL of distilled water. Mortality rate during the nymphal development for aphids maintained on cotton leaf discs treated with the two highest concentrations were, respectively, 60.0% and 100.0%. With the exception of the highest concentration (1,410.0 mg/100 mL), neem concentrations did not extend the aphids' development period. The net reproductive rate (R 0 ) was of 35.0 nymphs/female for control aphids and of 0.0 nymph/female when the group of females was exposed to neem seed powder at 1,410.0 mg/100 mL since birth. The aqueous extract of neem seeds is efficient against the aphid A. gossypii, causing nymph mortality and reducing their survival period and fecundity.Index terms: Insecta, Aphis gossypii, Azadirachta indica, Gossypium hirsutum, aqueous extract. Efeito de extrato de nim sobre o pulgão-do-algodoeiroResumo -O pulgão Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), praga prejudicial à cultura do algodoeiro, causa danos diretos, reduzindo o vigor da planta, e indiretos, ao secretar substância doce e transmitir viroses. Em virtude da resistência desse afídeo aos inseticidas, técnicas alternativas ao controle químico, como o uso de inseticidas naturais, têm sido pesquisadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de extratos aquosos de pó de amêndoas de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre o desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e fecundidade de A. gossypii. Os tratamentos consistiram de pó de amêndoas de nim nas concentrações de 23,8, 122,0, 410,0 e 1.410,0 mg/100 mL de água. Os porcentuais de mortalidade durante o período ninfal para os pulgões mantidos sobre discos foliares de algodoeiro imersos nas duas maiores concentrações, foram, respectivamente, 60,0% e 100,0%. Com exceção da maior concentração (1.410,0 mg/100 mL), as demais não prolongaram as fases de desenvolvimento dos pulgões. A taxa líquida de reprodução foi de 35,0 ninfas/fêmea na testemunha e de 0,0 ninfa/fêmea no grupo dos pulgões expostos à concentração de 1.400 mg/100 mL, desde o nascimento. O extrato aquoso das sementes de nim é uma alternativa eficiente para o controle de A. gossypii, causando mortalidade de ninfas e reduzindo os períodos de sobrevivência e fecundidade.Termos para indexação: Insecta, Aphis gossypii, Azadirachta indica, Gossypium hirsutum, extrato aquoso.

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Section: Effects Of Neem On Longevity and Reproductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Effects Of Neem On Longevity and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of neem extract on the cotton aphid

Santos

Costa

Torres

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Field studies integrate a number of both direct and indirect factors, including weathering and persistence of residues, behavioral attributes of natural enemies that may increase or decrease exposure to residues, reductions in host and prey populations, and sublethal effects on development and reproduction. Evaluating these many factors and their interactions is a daunting challenge (Stark and Wennergren, 1995).…”

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically examines recent and current research efforts in conservation biological control by predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci worldwide. A large number of natural enemy species have been identified from many agricultural systems. Further research has demonstrated that these natural enemies may act along with other mortality agents to inflict high levels of mortality on populations of B. tabaci. Less effort has been placed on determining the factors constraining or potentially enhancing biological control. The widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides in many crops has severely hampered the contribution of predators and parasitoids to pest suppression. However, the arsenal of selective insecticides has grown in the past decade and their increased usage may permit the true integration of biological control into IPM systems. The effects of species interactions (e.g., intraguild predation) and host-plant attributes on disruption of biological control are poorly understood in most systems. Research in the area of habitat manipulation and enhancement is minimal. Very little research has addressed the evaluation of natural enemy effects on B. tabaci population dynamics in any system. As a result our ability to predict and exploit these effects for pest suppression are limited. Problems in estimating and interpreting parasitism are highlighted. Recent life table studies of B. tabaci in Arizona cotton are summarized to demonstrate how integration of natural enemies with use of selective insecticides resulted in the development of an efficient pest management system. Avenues for future research are discussed that may enhance the use of conservation biological control as a key tactic in IPM of B. tabaci. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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“…Then, demographic studies allow the integration of several critical life cycle traits into a single variable (Van Leeuwen et al, 1985). Several authors have argued that the best approach for evaluation of the total effect of a xenobiotic is life table analysis or demographic toxicology (Stark and Wennergren, 1995). Then, the use of the intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) has been recommended (Allan and Daniels, 1982), because it is based on both survivorship and fecundity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the use of the intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) has been recommended (Allan and Daniels, 1982), because it is based on both survivorship and fecundity. This parameter is also a measure of the ability of a population to increase in an unlimited environment (Stark and Wennergren, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of sublethal exposure to triflumuron on the biological performance of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Sáenz-de-cabezón

Martínez-Villar

Moreno

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

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Effects of sublethal exposure to triflumuron on the biological performance of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch were analysed under laboratory conditions. Survivorship was affected by the compound. Triflumuron caused a reduction both in the percentage of eggs that developed to adults and in the survival of adult stage. Triflumuron also affected the fecundity. The net reproductive rate (R 0), the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and the finite rate of increase (l) of treated females were lower than in those non treated, resulting in a reduction of population growth. These results suggest that triflumuron could be a valuable addition in integrated pest management programs of T. urticae, although more laboratory, semi-field and field testing is required.Additional key words: benzoylphenyl ureas, intrinsic rate of increase r m , life-table, triflumuron, two-spotted spider mite. ResumenEfecto de una exposición subletal de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) al triflumurón sobre sus parámetros biológicos Se analizaron, bajo condiciones de laboratorio, los efectos de una exposición subletal al triflumurón sobre los parámetros biológicos de la araña amarilla Tetranychus urticae Koch. La supervivencia fue afectada por el compuesto. El triflumurón causó una reducción tanto en el porcentaje de huevos que llegaron a adultos como en la supervivencia de los imagos y en la fecundidad. La tasa reproductiva neta (R 0 ), el coeficiente de incremento intrínseco (r m ), y el coeficiente de incremento finito (l) de las hembras tratadas fueron más bajos que en las no tratadas, dando como resultado la reducción del crecimiento de la población. Estos resultados sugieren que el triflumurón podría ser una incorporación interesante en programas de manejo integrado de T. urticae, aunque es preciso desarrollar más experimentos tanto de laboratorio como de semicampo y campo.Palabras clave adicionales: araña amarilla, benzoilfenil ureas, coeficiente de incremento intrínseco r m, tabla de vida.

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Can Population Effects of Pesticides Be Predicted from Demographic Toxicological Studies?

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of neem extract on the cotton aphid

Effect of neem extract on the cotton aphid

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Influence of sublethal exposure to triflumuron on the biological performance of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

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