“…Asthma prevalence and severity have increased markedly over the past two decades, especially in urban settings (25,57,100,218). Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the increased susceptibility of urban residents to asthma, including exposure to allergens, air pollution, differences in health care, and stress (57,64,89,102,125,128). An environmental factor associated with occupational asthma in agriculture (105, 109, 111-113, 115, 155, 248) that is beginning to receive increased attention in the context of urban asthma (107,156,249) is exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs).…”