Can private management compensate the ineffective marine reserves in China?

Huang, Hui; Wen, Colin Kuo-Chang; Li, Xiubao; Yuan, Tao; Lian, Jainshen; Yang, Jianhui; Cherh, Kah-Leng

doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0808-3

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The reduced feeding rate of grazers on the reef at in the general use zone was a speculated result of anthropogenic interference. Huang et al (2017) found sh abundance and diversity were signi cantly reduced in the presence of many tourists without management. The reef ats of general use zone in this study are subject to snorkelling, swimming and shing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scraping and grazing herbivorous/detritivorous fish display opposite feeding behaviours under different protection regulations

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Chen²,

Chen

et al. 2021

Marine Biology Research

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Background:Functional groups, especially herbivorous shes, are important for mediating benthic community structure on coral reefs. Herbivorous and detritivorous sh display complex feeding behaviour, and research into schooling feeding behaviour and feeding rates, and how these change with environmental and social behavioural variables is lacking. Such knowledge is imperative to infer how herbivory/detritivory will change, in light of changing resources and communities, speci cally whether reefs can recover from disturbance. Differences in abundance, feeding rate, body length, diet preferences, and schooling size of three major functional groups, scrapers, grazers and browsers were examined across reef habitats under different shing regulations, such as no-take restricted zones and open-shing general use zones. Although marine protected areas have been implemented to conserve reef sh species; further precise management based on ecological behaviour of functional groups is necessary. Results:Scrapers and grazers which were mostly parrot shes and surgeon shes were more abundant on reef ats and also displayed the highest feeding rates on reef ats. Although scrapers mainly resided inside the restricted zone, more grazers were found in the general use zone where macroalgae abundance was highest, indicating a higher availability of nutritional resources. Browsers, mostly rabbit shes, were seldom observed and patchily gathered on the reef at and slope in both zones. Thus, shing protection did not appear to bene t grazers and browsers, whereas scrapers gathered on shallow reef ats in the protection zone. Lastly, scraper and grazer feeding rates increased from an individual to paired feeding, and increased with body size, these factors led to variations in feeding behaviours on different habitats under different protection regulations. Conclusions:Fishing protection bene ts scrapers which subsequently appears to be resulting in a reduction in algal coverage, and variation in feeding rates was largely related to school sizes. The density of these functionally important grazers was in uenced more by changes to benthic composition than protection status. The opposite feeding behaviours of two herbivorous/detritivorous functional groups indicates not only protection status, but shing gear and size limit regulations are needed to help maintain sheries and diversity on coral reefs in Taiwan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scraping and grazing herbivorous/detritivorous fish display opposite feeding behaviours under different protection regulations

Price

Chen²,

Chen

et al. 2021

Marine Biology Research

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“…The most effective method to promote sustainability is for the government to give authority for making management decisions only to the stakeholders who immediately rely on the resources (Anonymous 2000;Huang et al 2016). The Constitution of the Republic of Palau begins by stating that Often-defined Overfishing UNSTABLE STABLE Fig.…”

Section: Adjustive Management At the Village Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Japanese and westerners should have no trouble being served open-ocean fishes in Palau, but the Chinese and Taiwanese appear to have a propensity for choosing reef fishes. Much of the live-reef-fish trade is to Hong Kong, China and Taiwan where restaurants still serve coral-reef fishes (Huang et al 2016). This may be a problem for Palau where 61% of the visitors in 2015 were from China and Taiwan.…”

Section: Export From Coral Reefs Is Not Naturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working with, not against, coral-reef fisheries

Birkeland

2017

Coral Reefs

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The fisheries policies of some Pacific island nations are more appropriate to the biology of their resources than are some of the fisheries policies of more industrialized countries. Exclusive local ownership of natural resources in Palau encourages adjustive management on biologically relevant scales of time and space and promotes responsibility by reducing the tragedy of the commons. The presence of large individuals in fish populations and adequate size of spawning aggregations are more efficient and meaningful cues for timely management than are surveys of abundance or biomass. Taking fish from populations more than halfway to their carrying capacity is working favorably with the fishery because removing fish potentially increases resource stability by negative feedback between stock size and population production. Taking the same amount of fish from a population below half its carrying capacity is working against the fishery, making the population unstable, because reducing the reproductive stock potentially accelerates reduction of the population production by positive feedback. Reef fish are consumed locally, while Palauan laws ban the export of reef resources. This is consistent with the high gross primary production with little excess net production from undisturbed coral-reef ecosystems. The relatively rapid growth rates, short life spans, reliable recruitment and wide-ranging movements of open-ocean fishes such as scombrids make them much more productive than coral-reef fishes. The greater fisheries yield per square kilometer in the open ocean multiplied by well over a thousand times the area of the exclusive economic zone than that of Palau's coral reefs should encourage Palauans to keep reef fishes for subsistence and to feed tourists open-ocean fishes. Fisheries having only artisanal means should be encouraged to increase the yield and sustainability by moving away from coral reefs to bulk harvesting of nearshore pelagics.

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“…Additionally, the prevalence of coral disease has also been linked to anthropogenic disturbances such as the waste and pollution associated with intense tourism operations (Lamb and Willis 2011;Lamb et al 2014). Illegal collection of corals by tourists has also been observed near tourism centers that encourage such acts by selling shells and corals for decoration purposes (Huang et al 2017). Evaluating the influence of tourist activities on coral reef environments should therefore be critical for effective tourism management and sustainable use of coral reefs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of tourism-based provisioning on fish behavior and benthic composition

Wen

Chen

Tung

et al. 2018

Ambio

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Distribution of non-natural food (provisioning) to attract fish, though popular in coral reef tourism, has often been discouraged due to its assumed adverse effects on fish health and behavior. However, the effects of provisioning on community structure, anti-predator, and foraging behavior of teleost fishes, as well as their potential to indirectly affect benthic organisms, are not yet clear. Here, we compared fish composition, wariness, foraging behavior of herbivorous fishes, and the benthic cover between provisioned and control sites. We found significant differences in fish abundance, species number, and composition at some locations, but not all. Although most provisioned herbivorous fish did not reduce their biting rates of benthic algae, provisioned sites still had higher coverage of green macroalgae. Our results dispute widely held presumptions on the effects of tourism-based provisioning on the ecology and behavior of teleost fishes, as well as the benthic cover. These findings suggest that while regulation of provisioning is necessary to manage and mitigate any deleterious outcomes, when moderated and monitored, it could still provide an educationally beneficial tool for coral reef ecotourism.

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Can private management compensate the ineffective marine reserves in China?

Abstract: Marine reserves (MRs)

Cited by 9 publications

References 74 publications

Scraping and grazing herbivorous/detritivorous fish display opposite feeding behaviours under different protection regulations

Scraping and grazing herbivorous/detritivorous fish display opposite feeding behaviours under different protection regulations

Working with, not against, coral-reef fisheries

The influence of tourism-based provisioning on fish behavior and benthic composition

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