Can resveratrol in wine protect against the carcinogenicity of ethanol? A probabilistic dose‐response assessment

2015

Sci Rep

Self Cite

167

106

A comparative risk assessment of drugs including alcohol and tobacco using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was conducted. The MOE is defined as ratio between toxicological threshold (benchmark dose) and estimated human intake. Median lethal dose values from animal experiments were used to derive the benchmark dose. The human intake was calculated for individual scenarios and population-based scenarios. The MOE was calculated using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations. The benchmark dose values ranged from 2 mg/kg bodyweight for heroin to 531 mg/kg bodyweight for alcohol (ethanol). For individual exposure the four substances alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and heroin fall into the “high risk” category with MOE < 10, the rest of the compounds except THC fall into the “risk” category with MOE < 100. On a population scale, only alcohol would fall into the “high risk” category, and cigarette smoking would fall into the “risk” category, while all other agents (opiates, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, ecstasy, and benzodiazepines) had MOEs > 100, and cannabis had a MOE > 10,000. The toxicological MOE approach validates epidemiological and social science-based drug ranking approaches especially in regard to the positions of alcohol and tobacco (high risk) and cannabis (low risk).

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative risk assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach

Lachenmeier

2015

Sci Rep

Self Cite

167

106

“…Furthermore, resveratrol has been found to have both antioxidant and anti-angiogenesis properties and to be able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (Kraft et al, 2009). However, assuming the best case scenario for resveratrol content in an alcoholic beverage, the margin of exposure for cancer between EtOH and resveratrol was over 100,000 (i.e., for every cancer prevented by resveratrol, EtOH causes over 100,000 new cancer cases) (Lachenmeier et al, 2014). Therefore, the cancer-preventative effects of resveratrol are negligible compared with the cancer-causative effects of EtOH.…”

Section: The Role Of Resveratrolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review

Shield

Soerjomataram

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

2016

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154

The objective of this study was to outline the biological pathways of alcohol-attributable breast cancer, the epidemiological risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, and the global burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption, with a focus on light drinking. First, the literature regarding the biological mechanisms of how alcohol affects the risk of breast cancer was reviewed and summarized. Second, a search of meta-analyses that evaluated the risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer was conducted. Last, the burden of alcohol-attributable breast cancer incidence and mortality was estimated by means of a Population-Attributable Fraction methodology. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and data on cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. Alcohol consumption affects breast cancer risk through the alteration in hormone levels and the associated biological pathways, the metabolism of ethanol resulting in carcinogens, and the inhibition of the one carbon metabolism pathway. The systematic review found 15 meta-analyses on the risk relationship between alcohol consumption (also light consumption) and the risk of breast cancer. All but 2 of these analyses showed a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. An estimated 144,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88,000 to 200,000) breast cancer cases and 38,000 (95% CI: 2,400 to 53,000) breast cancer deaths globally in 2012 were attributable to alcohol, with 18.8% of these cases and 17.5% of these deaths affecting women who were light alcohol consumers. All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption. Due to this strong relationship, and to the amount of alcohol consumed globally, the incidence of and mortality from alcohol-attributable breast cancer is large.

“…Although the large sample of alcoholic drinks in Germany was not internationally representative, the resulting alcoholic strength estimates are comparable to those from US‐based samples (Kerr, Greenfield, & Tujague, ). Notably, the average alcoholic strength of beverage groups has been rather stable during the last decades (Lachenmeier, Godelmann, Witt, Riedel, & Rehm, ), which may be explained by direct or indirect legislation (The European Parliament and The Council ). For the assessment of drinking quantities via standard drinks, consistent alcoholic strengths over time clearly help to ensure a precise measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of alcoholic standard drinks using the Munich composite international diagnostic interview (M‐CIDI): An evaluation and subsequent revision

Kuitunen‐Paul

Int J Methods Psych Res

Lachenmeier

et al. 2017

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The quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are crucial both in risk assessment as well as epidemiological and clinical research. Using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI), drinking amounts have been assessed in numerous large-scale studies. However, the accuracy of this assessment has rarely been evaluated. This study evaluates the relevance of drink categories and pouring sizes, and the factors used to convert actual drinks into standard drinks. We compare the M-CIDI to alternative drink assessment instruments and empirically validate drink categories using a general population sample (n = 3165 from Germany), primary care samples (n = 322 from Italy, n = 1189 from Germany), and a non-representative set of k = 22503 alcoholic beverages sold in Germany in 2010-2016. The M-CIDI supplement sheet displays more categories than other instruments (AUDIT, TLFB, WHO-CIDI). Beer, wine, and spirits represent the most prevalent categories in the samples. The suggested standard drink conversion factors were inconsistent for different pouring sizes of the same drink and, to a smaller extent, across drink categories. For the use in Germany and Italy, we propose the limiting of drink categories and pouring sizes, and a revision of the proposed standard drinks. We further suggest corresponding examinations and revisions in other cultures.