Can skin temperature replace rectal temperature monitoring in babies undergoing therapeutic hypothermia in low‐resource settings?

Thomas, Niranjan; Rebekah, Grace; Santhanam, Sridhar; Kumar, Manish; Kuruvilla, K; Jana, Atanu Kumar

doi:10.1111/apa.12010

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…From their study, they concluded that the agreement between methods was insufficient for skin temperature to replace RT, on the basis of the clinically acceptable limits of agreement of ±0.3°C being less than the limits of agreement found in their study (Thomas et al, 2012). This high resolution on thermal status is necessary with regard to monitoring therapeutic hypothermia in human infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In a recent study, Thomas et al (2012) applied the BlandAltman method in comparing skin temperature by zero heat flow method and axillary temperature (both acquired with probe thermal sensors) to RT in hypothermic babies. From their study, they concluded that the agreement between methods was insufficient for skin temperature to replace RT, on the basis of the clinically acceptable limits of agreement of ±0.3°C being less than the limits of agreement found in their study (Thomas et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared thermography – a non-invasive tool to evaluate thermal status of neonatal pigs based on surface temperature

Kammersgaard

Malmkvist

Pedersen

2013

Animal

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Hypothermia is a major cause of mortality in neonatal pigs. Infrared (IR) thermography is a promising non-invasive method to assess thermal status, but has not been evaluated for use on neonatal pigs from birth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of IR thermography as a non-invasive tool to estimate body temperature and assess the thermal status in newborn pigs by (1) estimating the relationship between surface temperature and rectal temperature (RT) in neonatal pigs; and (2) estimating the influence of air temperature (AT), birth weight and the time from birth on the relationship between surface temperature and RT. The method was evaluated on the basis of 1695 thermograms and 915 RTs on 91 neonatal pigs born in loose farrowing pens with floor heating at 34°C, and three different ATs (15°C, 20°C and 25°C). Full-body thermograms of the back and the side of the pigs and RT were acquired at 11 sampling times between birth and 48 h after birth. The maximum (IR max ), minimum, average of the full body and ear minimum IR surface temperatures were derived from the thermograms. IR max had the highest correlation with RT (0.82) and was therefore used in the statistical analysis. The relation of RT by IR max depended on time at: 0 h (slope: 0.20°C, P < 0.001), 0.25 h (slope: 0.42°C, P < 0.01), and 0.5 and 1 h after birth (slope: 0.68°C, P < 0.001). After the 1st hour (1.5 to 48 h) the relation of RT by IR max was no longer affected by time (slope: 0.63°C, P < 0.001). The agreement between RT and IR max was improved (P < 0.001) after the 1st hour (RT − IR max 0 to 1 h: 2.02 (1.44)°C; 1.5 to 48 h: 0.95 (0.85)°C). IR max below 30°C was indicative of piglets having RT < 32°C (91.3%). The location of IR max was identified predominantly at the base of the ears (27/50), other sites in the region of the head (12/50) and the axilla area (8/50). There was a small but significant effect of the angle as IR max _side-IR max _back: mean 0.20°C (P < 0.001). On the basis of the low difference between IR max from back and side view thermograms, and the location of IR max , the angle seems less important and thus the method has the potential to be used without the need for manual restraint of the pigs. On the basis of the results of this study, we propose that IR max temperature from full-body thermograms has implication as a valid tool to assess the thermal status in neonatal piglets but not as an identical substitute for RT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%