Can Tanzania realise rural development through biofuel plantations? Insights from the study in Rufiji District

Mwakaje, Agnes G.

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.001

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Section: Bioenergy and Sustainable Developmentunclassified

Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

et al. 2014

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Bioenergy deployment offers significant potential for climate change mitigation, but also carries considerable risks. In this review, we bring together perspectives of various communities involved in the research and regulation of bioenergy deployment in the context of climate change mitigation: Land-use and energy experts, landuse and integrated assessment modelers, human geographers, ecosystem researchers, climate scientists and two different strands of life-cycle assessment experts. We summarize technological options, outline the state-of-theart knowledge on various climate effects, provide an update on estimates of technical resource potential and comprehensively identify sustainability effects. Cellulosic feedstocks, increased end-use efficiency, improved land carbon-stock management and residue use, and, when fully developed, BECCS appear as the most promising options, depending on development costs, implementation, learning, and risk management. Combined heat and power, efficient biomass cookstoves and small-scale power generation for rural areas can help to promote energy access and sustainable development, along with reduced emissions. We estimate the sustainable technical potential as up to 100 EJ: high agreement; 100-300 EJ: medium agreement; above 300 EJ: low agreement. Stabilization scenarios indicate that bioenergy may supply from 10 to 245 EJ yr À1 to global primary energy supply by 2050. Models indicate that, if technological and governance preconditions are met, large-scale deployment (>200 EJ), together with BECCS, could help to keep global warming below 2°degrees of preindustrial levels; but such high deployment of land-intensive bioenergy feedstocks could also lead to detrimental climate effects, negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity and livelihoods. The integration of bioenergy systems into agriculture and forest landscapes can improve land and water use efficiency and help address concerns about environmental impacts. We conclude that the high variability in pathways, uncertainties in technological development and ambiguity in political decision render forecasts on deployment levels and climate effects very difficult. However, uncertainty about projections should not preclude pursuing beneficial bioenergy options. IntroductionThe recent IPCC report on energy sources and climate change mitigation (SRREN) and the Global Energy Assessment provided comprehensive overviews on bioenergy. An update to these reports is nonetheless important because: (i) many of the more stringent mitigation scenarios (resulting in 450 ppm, but also 550 ppm CO2eq concentration by 2100) heavily rely on a large-scale deployment of bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) called BECCS technologies; (ii) there has been a large body of literature published since SRREN, which complement and update the analysis presented in this last report; (iii) bioenergy is important for many sectors and mitigation perspectives as well as from the perspective of developmental goals such as energy security and rural dev...

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Section: Bioenergy and Sustainable Developmentunclassified

Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, sugarcane landscapes were found to harbor lower bee diversity in Kenya [118]. Furthermore, sugarcane projects, such as the proposed SEKAB (a Swedish ethanol producer) project in Rufiji area (Tanzania) were planned to be situated in close proximity to coastal forest areas of high endemism [119,120].…”

Section: Biodiversity Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels in sub-Sahara Africa: Drivers, impacts and priority policy areas

Gasparatos

Maltitz

Johnson

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

109

111

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“…Despite the lack of a focused energy policy, biofuel development in Tanzania gained momentum after 2010 with the government and other key stakeholders being keen to make use of the investment opportunities provided by international mitigation efforts. At least since 2012, official visions have circulated that designate a future role for Tanzania as a world leader in biofuel production and export (Mwakaje 2012). These visions have been aligned to neoliberal policies pursued ever since the mid-1980s, aimed at reconfiguring Tanzania as a market open for international capital (Arora et al 2013).…”

Section: Formal Institutions Regulating Ethanol Other Biofuels and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In 2006, it signed an agreement with the government of Tanzania to lease 20 000 hectares of supposedly abandoned land outside the city of Bagamoyo in the Rufiji District, with the prospect of following this with additional investments in the Rufiji Delta in the southern parts of the country, totalling more than 200,000 ha (Bergius et al 2018). The Rufiji Delta has many characteristics typical of Tanzania, and the challenges are thus likely to be similarly reflected in other regions of the nation, according to Mwakaje (2012). Initially, 10 000 ha would be used for an ethanol plantation that would yield 1 million tonnes of harvested sugarcanes within 10 years of starting operation (Franke et al 2010, Zirulnick 2015.…”

Section: The Case Of Sekabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania

Hansson

Fridahl

Anshelm

et al. 2019

Environ Dev Sustain

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Most mitigation scenarios compatible with a likely change of holding global warming well below 2 °C rely on negative emissions technologies (NETs). According to the integrated assessment models (IAMs) used to produce mitigation scenarios for the IPCC reports, the NET with the greatest potential to achieve negative emissions is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Crucial questions arise about where the enormous quantities of biomass needed according to the IAM scenarios could feasibly be produced in a sustainable manner. Africa is attractive in the context of BECCS because of large areas that could contribute biomass energy and indications of substantial underground CO 2 storage capacities. However, estimates of large biomass availability in Africa are usually based on highly aggregated datasets, and only a few studies explore future challenges or barriers for BECCS in any detail. Based on previous research and literature, this paper analyses the preconditions for BECCS in Tanzania by studying what we argue are the applications of BECCS, or the components of the BECCS chain, that are most feasible in the country, namely (1) as applied to domestic sugarcane-based energy production (bioethanol), and (2) with Tanzania in a producer and re-growth role in an international BECCS chain, supplying biomass or biofuels for export to developed countries. The review reveals that a prerequisite for both options is either the existence of a functional market for emissions trading and selling, making negative emissions a viable commercial investment, or sustained investment through aid programmes. Also, historically, an important barrier to the development of production capacity of liquid biofuels for export purposes has been given by ethical dilemmas following in the wake of demand for land to facilitate production of biomass, such as sugarcane and jatropha. In these cases, conflicts over access to land and mismanagement have been more of a rule than an exception. Increased production volumes of solid biomass for export to operations that demand bioenergy, be it with or without a CCS component, is likely to give rise to similar conflicts. While BECCS may well play an important role in reducing emissions in countries with high capacity to act combined with existing large point sources of biogenic CO 2 emissions, it seems prudent to proceed with utmost caution when implicating BECCS deployment in least developed countries, like Tanzania.The paper argues that negative BECCS-related emissions from Tanzania should not be assumed in global climate mitigation scenarios.

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Can Tanzania realise rural development through biofuel plantations? Insights from the study in Rufiji District

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

Biofuels in sub-Sahara Africa: Drivers, impacts and priority policy areas

Preconditions for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Tanzania

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