“…(1) to alleviate endogeneity; the results are shown in Column (1) of Table 5 . Second, following Faccio, Marchica, and Mura (2011) [ 52 ], Laeven and Levine (2007, 2009) [ 53 , 54 ], and Chen, Yan, and Chen (2021) [ 55 ], this study takes the average number of red cultural influences in other cities in the same year as the instrumental variable ( ivRED ), corporate cash holdings as the dependent variable, and red cultural influence as the independent variable. We then use the instrumental variable method and control for individual fixed effects to re-estimate Eq.…”