“…However, despite decades of research, the question of which type of reward is most effective to build customers' loyalty remains unanswered. While some authors highlight the importance of soft rewards, that is, intangible and emotional rewards such as personalised services, to generate gratitude and loyalty (Audrain-Pontevia and Garnier, 2021;Charinsarn et al, 2023;Khare et al, 2019;S€ oderlund, 2019), others reach the conclusion that programme effectiveness can be achieved through hard rewards, that is, financial and tangible rewards such as discounts (Cedrola and Memmo, 2010;Meyer-Waarden et al, 2023;Miao et al, 2023), probably because a significant number of price-sensitive consumers are still looking for the "best deals" (Flacandji and Vlad, 2022). In addition to its mixed results, the hard/soft classification can be fuzzy since some emotional rewards, such as VIP rooms, can be monetised which might blur the lines between the hard and soft frontiers.…”