Can the new energy vehicles (NEVs) and power battery industry help China to meet the carbon neutrality goal before 2060?

Zahoor, Aqib; Yu, Yajuan; Zhang, Hongliang; Nihed, Benani; Afrane, Sandylove; Peng, Shuan; Sápi, András; Lin, Chen Jian; Mao, Guozhu

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117663

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Against this background, China pledged to strive to peak its CO 2 emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 (dual carbon goals) [2]. In response, all relevant central government departments and local governments have actively studied and formulated development paths and implementation plans by fields, industries, and regions, which include putting forward overall requirements for the green and low-carbon development of the Chinese automobile industry [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Passenger Vehicles in China to Meet Dual Carbon Goals and Bottleneck of Critical Materials from a Fleet Evolution Perspective

Yu,

Cong,

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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China has pledged to peak its CO2 emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. To meet these goals, China needs to accelerate the electrification of passenger vehicles. However, the rapid development of electric vehicles may impact the supply of critical raw materials, which may hinder the low-carbon transition. Therefore, the impact of vehicle electrification on CO2 emissions and the corresponding bottlenecks in the supply of critical raw materials should be systematically considered. In this study, we developed the China Automotive Fleet CO2 Model (CAFCM) to simulate a mixed-technology passenger vehicle fleet evolution. We further assessed the impact of energy and CO2 emissions and evaluated the demand for critical battery materials. We designed three scenarios with different powertrain type penetration rates to depict the potential uncertainty. The results showed that (1) the CO2 emissions of passenger vehicles in both the operation stage and the fuel cycle can peak before 2030; (2) achieving the dual carbon goals will lead to a rapid increase in the demand for critical raw materials for batteries and lead to potential supply risks, especially for cobalt, with the cumulative demand for cobalt for new energy passenger vehicles in China being 5.7 to 7.3 times larger than China’s total cobalt reserves; and (3) the potential amount of critical material recycled from retired power batteries will rapidly increase but will not be able to substantially alleviate the demand for critical materials before 2035. China’s new energy vehicle promotion policies and key resource supply risks must be systematically coordinated under the dual carbon goals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Passenger Vehicles in China to Meet Dual Carbon Goals and Bottleneck of Critical Materials from a Fleet Evolution Perspective

Yu,

Cong,

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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“…[1][2][3][4][5]. With the increased global focus on the transmission of fossil fuels to cleaner energy and reduction of carbon emissions [6][7][8][9], coupled with the explosive growth of the new energy vehicle market [10], the manufacturing technology and comprehensive performance of LIBs have been further improved. microspheres (average diameter of 750 nm) into the graphene layers, thereby increased the interlayer spacing and improved the rate performance of the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Subspheroidal Core–Shell Structure MoS2/C Composite as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu,

Fan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Energies

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its distinctive graphene-like structure and high specific capacity. However, its commercial application is hindered by the severe volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation and poor conductivity. In this paper, we report a facile one-pot enhanced hydrothermal synthesis strategy to prepare high-performance MoS2/C composite materials. The results indicate that the as-prepared MoS2/C composite is a subspheroidal core–shell structure material, with uniform coating, good particle dispersion, and an average grain size of approximately 80 nm. The morphology of the composite remained unchanged even after annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. The addition of glucose can accelerate the nucleation and growth of MoS2, and higher hydrothermal temperatures can improve the product yield. The addition of PVP has little effect on the yield, but significantly reduces the particle size. The XPS analysis reveals that the MoO3 may be generated as an intermediate product during the hydrothermal process. The electrochemical test results show that the unannealed MoS2/C samples exhibit discharge-specific capacities of 705.2 mAh·g−1 and 625.7 mAh·g−1 after the first cycle and the 100th cycle, respectively, at a current density of 500 mA·g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 88.7%. In contrast, the specific capacity of the MoS2/C specimens after annealing at 500 °C for 2 h shows a tendency to decrease and then slowly increase during the cycles, and the discharge specific capacity is 582.3 mAh·g−1 after the 100th cycle, which is lower than that of the unheated sample. The impedance analysis reveals that the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of the MoS2/C material without calcination is 2.11 × 10−18 cm·s−2, which is superior to that of the annealed MoS2/C and pristine MoS2 samples. This characteristic is favorable for lithiation/delithiation during the charge/discharge process.

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“…With the launch of the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market in Beijing in 2024, all sectors are encouraged to participate in greenhouse gas reduction activities [11], providing opportunities for EV owners to participate in the carbon market [12]. The widespread use of EVs not only reduces direct carbon emissions from fuel but also guides owners to improve charging habits through the carbon market, reducing indirect carbon emissions from electricity use and converting carbon reduction into economic gains [13].…”

Section: Introduction 1motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

V2G Carbon Accounting and Revenue Allocation: Balancing EV Contributions in Distribution Systems

Yu,

Lei,

Shao

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Accurate carbon emission accounting for electric vehicles (EVs) is particularly important, especially for those participating in the carbon market. However, the participation of numerous EVs in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheduling complicates the precise accounting of individual EV emissions. This paper presents a novel approach to carbon accounting and benefits distribution for EVs. It includes a low-carbon dispatch model for a distribution system (DS), aimed at reducing total emissions through strategic EV charging scheduling. Further, an improved carbon emission flow accounting model is proposed to calculate the carbon reduction of EVs before and after low-carbon dispatch. It enables real-time carbon flow tracking during EV charging and discharging, then accurately quantifies the carbon reduction amount. Additionally, it employs the Shapley value method to ensure equitable distribution of carbon revenue, balancing low-carbon operation costs and carbon reduction contributions. A case study based on a 31-node campus distribution network demonstrated that effective scheduling of 1296 EVs can significantly reduce system carbon emissions. This method can accurately account for the carbon emissions of EVs under different charging states, and provides a balanced analysis of EV carbon reduction contributions and costs, advocating for fair revenue allocation.

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Can the new energy vehicles (NEVs) and power battery industry help China to meet the carbon neutrality goal before 2060?

Cited by 48 publications

References 60 publications

Prospects of Passenger Vehicles in China to Meet Dual Carbon Goals and Bottleneck of Critical Materials from a Fleet Evolution Perspective

Prospects of Passenger Vehicles in China to Meet Dual Carbon Goals and Bottleneck of Critical Materials from a Fleet Evolution Perspective

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Subspheroidal Core–Shell Structure MoS2/C Composite as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

V2G Carbon Accounting and Revenue Allocation: Balancing EV Contributions in Distribution Systems

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