Can turbidites be used to reconstruct a paleoearthquake record for the central Sumatran margin?

Sumner, Esther J.; Siti, Marina I.; McNeill, Lisa C.; Talling, Peter J.; Henstock, T.; Wynn, Russell B.; Djajadihardja, Y.; Permana, Haryadi

doi:10.1130/g34298.1

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, not every major earthquake appears to produce a widespread sediment flow (Völker et al 2011;Sumner et al 2013b), and there is a need for more studies of the seafloor where it is known that a major earthquake occurred. Turbidites can record the emplacement dynamics of submarine landslides, and suggest that some volcanic island collapses occur in multiple stages over a prolonged period (Hunt et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slower-moving landslides are less tsunamigenic, and will disintegrate and form flows to a lesser extent. There is currently vigorous debate over the extent to which turbidites can be used as a record of major earthquakes (e.g., Goldfinger 2011;Atwater et al 2014), and why some major earthquakes fail to produce extensive slope failure and widespread turbidites (Sumner et al 2013b;Völker et al 2012). Recent work on volcanic island landslides suggests that they can occur in multiple prolonged stages, as shown by associated turbidites with numerous subunits (Hunt et al 2011), thereby reducing tsunami magnitude.…”

Section: (E) Turbidites As a Record Of Societally Important Geohazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

Talling

Allin

Armitage

et al. 2015

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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166

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Turbidity currents, and other types of submarine sediment density flow, redistribute more sediment across the surface of the Earth than any other sediment flow process, yet their sediment concentration has never been measured directly in the deep ocean. The deposits of these flows are of societal importance as imperfect records of past earthquakes and tsunamogenic landslides and as the reservoir rocks for many deep-water petroleum accumulations. Key future research directions on these flows and their deposits were identified at an informal workshop in September 2013. This contribution summarizes conclusions from that workshop, and engages the wider community in this debate. International efforts are needed for an initiative to monitor and understand a series of test sites where flows occur frequently, which needs coordination to optimize sharing of equipment and interpretation of data. Direct monitoring observations should be combined with cores and seismic data to link flow and deposit character, whilst experimental and numerical models play a key role in understanding field observations. Such an initiative may be timely and feasible, due to recent technological advances in monitoring sensors, moorings, and autonomous data recovery. This is illustrated here by recently collected data from the Squamish River delta, Monterey Canyon, Congo Canyon, and offshore SE Taiwan. A series of other key topics are then highlighted. Theoretical considerations suggest that supercritical flows may often occur on gradients of greater than , 0.6u. Trains of up-slope-migrating bedforms have recently been mapped in a wide range of marine and freshwater settings. They may result from repeated hydraulic jumps in supercritical flows, and dense (greater than approximately 10% volume) near-bed layers may need to be invoked to explain transport of heavy (25 to 1,000 kg) blocks. Future work needs to understand how sediment is transported in these bedforms, the internal structure and preservation potential of their deposits, and their use in facies prediction. Turbulence damping may be widespread and commonplace in submarine sediment density flows, particularly as flows decelerate, because it can occur at low (, 0.1%) volume concentrations. This could have important implications for flow evolution and deposit geometries. Better quantitative constraints are needed on what controls flow capacity and competence, together with improved constraints on bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Recent advances in understanding dilute or mainly saline flows in submarine channels should be extended to explore how flow behavior changes as sediment concentrations increase. The petroleum industry requires predictive models of longer-term channel system behavior and resulting deposit architecture, and for these purposes it is important to distinguish between geomorphic and stratigraphic surfaces

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (E) Turbidites As a Record Of Societally Important Geohazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

Talling

Allin

Armitage

et al. 2015

Journal of Sedimentary Research

Self Cite

166

117

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“…The potential of earthquakes to cause landslides is evi-961 dent from field observations (Piper and Aksu, 1987) and lab testing (Biscontin 962 et al, 2004). However, not every earthquake causes slope failures, regardless 963 of their magnitude (Sumner et al, 2013;Völker et al, 2011 for 11 landslides along an entire margin within a period of 150 ka are available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Timing and frequency of large submarine landslides: implications for understanding triggers and future geohazard

Urlaub¹,

Talling²,

Masson³

2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

172

164

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Large submarine landslides can have serious socioeconomic consequences as they have the potential to cause tsunamis and damage seabed infrastructure. It is important to understand the frequency of these landslides, and how that frequency is related to climate-driven factors such as sea level or sedimentation rate, in order to assess their occurrence in the future. Recent studies have proposed that more landslides occur during periods of sea level rise and lowstand, or during periods of rapid sedimentation. In this contribution we test these hypotheses by analysing the most comprehensive global data set of ages for large (> 1km 3 ) late Quaternary submarine landslides that has been compiled to date. We include the uncertainties in each landslide age that arise from both the dating technique, and the typically larger uncertainties that result from the position of the samples used for dating. Contrary to the hypothesis that continental slope stability is linked to sea level change, the data set does not show statistically significant patterns, trends or clusters in landslide abundance. If such a link between sea level and landslide frequency exists it is too weak to be detected using the available global data base. It is possible that controlling factors vary between different geographical areas, and their role is therefore hidden * Corresponding author Email address: m.urlaub@noc.soton.ac.uk (Morelia Urlaub)Preprint submitted to Elsevier March 1, 2013in a global data set, or that the uncertainties within the dates is too great to see an underlying correlation. Our analysis also shows that there is no evidence for an immediate influence of rapid sedimentation on slope stability as failures tend to occur several thousand years after periods of increased sedimentation rates. The results imply that there is not a strong global correlation of landslide frequency with sea level changes or increases in local sedimentation rate, based on the currently available ages for large submarine landslides.

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“…The Japan Trench was identified by the workshop participants to be an area well predisposed for submarine paleoseismology according to criteria recently discussed in the open literature (i.e., Sumner et al, 2013;Atwater et al, 2014;Goldfinger et al, 2014). Sediment resuspension and redeposition related to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake has been documented and the respective deposits are preserved in basins formed by flexural bending of the Pacific plate.…”

Section: Giant-piston Coring To Investigate the Sedimentary Record Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

IODP workshop: tracking the Tsunamigenic slips across and along the Japan Trench (JTRACK)

et al. 2015

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Can turbidites be used to reconstruct a paleoearthquake record for the central Sumatran margin?

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

Timing and frequency of large submarine landslides: implications for understanding triggers and future geohazard

IODP workshop: tracking the Tsunamigenic slips across and along the Japan Trench (JTRACK)

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