Can we add chlorhexidine into glass ionomer cements for band cementation?

Abstract

Objective: To test if the addition of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) might influence the mechanical properties and antibacterial properties of two different conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) used for band cementation. Materials and Methods: Two commercial brands of conventional GICs were used: Ketac Cem Easymix (3M/ESPE, St Paul, Minn) and Meron (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). The cements were manipulated in their original composition and also with 10% and 18% CHD in the liquid to create a total of six groups. Diametral tensile strength, compressive strength, microhardness, shear bond strength, and antibacterial effects in 5, 45, and 65 days against Streptococcus mutans were tested in all groups, and the data were submitted to statistical analyses. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups of the same material in diametral tensile, compressive strength, and shear bond strength (P . .05). There was significant improvement in the microhardness to the Ketac Cem Easymix (P , .001). GICs with the addition of CHD showed significant inhibition of S. mutans growth in comparison with the control groups at the three time points evaluated (P , .001). The addition of 18% CHD resulted in higher bacterial inhibition (P , .001).Conclusions: The addition of chlorhexidine digluconate to conventional GICs does not negatively modify the mechanical properties and may increase the antibacterial effects around the GICs even for relatively long periods of time. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:496-502.)

Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement

“…With regard to the compressive strength, it was observed in the present study that different concentrations of CHX added to GIC did not change the results of the tests applied, thus corroborating studies conducted by Farret et al 23 . However, Türkün et al 3 observed GIC mixed with CHX at concentrations of 0.5% and 2% presented significant changes in the compressive strength.…”

“…In order to improve the antibacterial properties of the GICs, the addition of CHX to this material has been tested and showed excellent results 3,10,17,23 . According to Palmer et al 5 ., GICs have the potential of slowly releasing active agents, such as fluoride 24 , and the CHX incorporated into GICS can be similarly released into the oral cavity.…”

“…This association is aimed at reducing severity and frequency of secondary caries by decreasing failures and unsuccessful use of these restorative materials 6,7,12,25 . Based on the observation of the presence of viable bacteria in the remaining dentin after removal of the infected layer and proper sealing of the cavity researchers observed that under in vitro conditions the addition of CHX to the GIC showed favorable antibacterial effect against microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Candida albicans and Actinomyces naeslundii, acts on the biofilm act on the biofilm, which begins to show less pathogenic composition compared to acidogenic biofilm with a predominance of S. mutans, which would be formed without the presence of the antibacterial agent 3,9,[11][12][13][14]23,25 Türkün et al 3 demonstrated that GIC and CHX at a concentration of 0.5% have a long-term antibacterial effect without compromising the physical properties of the restorative material. However, concentrations at 1.25 and 2% weaken the material by compromising its physical properties, such as resistance to erosion, compression, diametrical traction, flexion, setting time, and surface hardness 3 .…”

Evaluation of mechanical properties of five cements for orthodontic band cementation

“…The diametral tensile strength results are pre- 16 found no statistical difference in DTS tests for Ketac Cem (7.41 MPa) and Meron (6.05 MPa) (both conventional glass ionomers). In our study, Meron was statistically superior to Ketac Cem for DTS, compared to resin modified glass ionomer cement (FJ), but was inferior to BL and MC statistically ( Table 2).…”

“…After insertion of the material, another Mylar strip was placed on the top surface followed by another glass slab pressed manually to obtain a regular surface. 16 After curing at the recommended time and without adding pressure, the specimens and the matrix were immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 15 minutes. The specimens were then ground and polished with 600 grit sand paper, and stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours.…”