Can We Distinguish Juvenile Violent Sex Offenders, Violent Non-sex Offenders, and Versatile Violent Sex Offenders Based on Childhood Risk Factors?

Wanklyn, Sonya G.; Ward, Ashley K.; Cormier, Nicole; Day, David M.; Newman, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1177/0886260511432153

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Juveniles who sexually offend (JSOs) represent a diverse group, with backgrounds, offending histories, and psychological characteristics that differ meaningfully from both adult sexual offenders (Andrade, Vincent, & Saleh, 2006;Knight, 2004;Knight & Prentky, 1993) and from non-sexual juvenile offenders (van Wijk, van Horn, Bullens, Bijleveld, & Doreleijers, 2005;Wanklyn, Ward, Cormier, Day, & Newman, 2012;Zakireh, Ronis, & Knight, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relation of Childhood Abuse Experiences to Problematic Sexual Behaviors in Male Youths Who Have Sexually Offended

Davis

Knight

2019

Arch Sex Behav

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Emotional abuse and sexual abuse, either alone or in combination, have been implicated as developmental antecedents of problematic sexual thoughts and behaviors in studies of sexually aggressive males (Knight & Sims-Knight, 2011). Recently, emotional abuse perpetrated by a male caregiver has emerged as a strong predictor of subsequent hypersexuality in adult male sexual offenders. In a study of 529 adult male sexual offenders, Kingston, Graham, and Knight (2017) found that male caregiver emotional abuse was the most prominent predictor of hypersexual thoughts and behaviors in adulthood, above and beyond the effects of other abuse types, such as physical abuse and sexual abuse. Consequently, we hypothesized that among juveniles who had sexual offended (JSOs) higher self-reported levels of childhood emotional and sexual abuse in contrast to other types of childhood maltreatment experiences would covary with higher subsequent levels of normophilic sexualized thoughts and behaviors. Consistent with Kingston et al. (2017), Male Caregiver Emotional Abuse emerged as a potent predictor of v subsequent reported hypersexuality in this juvenile sample. Furthermore, this factor also emerged as a strong predictor of deviant sexual behaviors and fantasies, such as paraphilic interests and pedophilic preference. Sexual Abuse was also found to be a significant predictor of hypersexuality. These findings provide additional support for the strong relation between male caregiver emotional abuse and subsequent problematic sexual thoughts and behaviors. These data are consistent with other research that suggests a parent-gender effect on the impact of parental discipline and the differential effect of male caregiver abuse on male children.

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confidence: 99%

The Relation of Childhood Abuse Experiences to Problematic Sexual Behaviors in Male Youths Who Have Sexually Offended

Davis

Knight

2019

Arch Sex Behav

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“…While there is an increasing literature on criminal offenders who specialize in one type of crime versus those who commit multiple types of offenses (e.g. Pullman & Seto, 2012; Tumminello, Edling, Lilijeros, Mantegna, & Sarnecki, 2013; Wanklyn, Ward, Cormier, Day, & Newman, 2012), this work focuses on criminal offending in general and does not necessarily distinguish between family and criminal violence. To our knowledge, no study has examined the effects of child maltreatment on the intersection of various types of violent outcomes both within and outside the family sphere.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does child abuse and neglect increase risk for perpetration of violence inside and outside the home?

Milaniak¹,

Widom²

2015

Psychology of Violence

114

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Objective: To examine the extent to which abused and neglected children perpetrate three different types of violence within and outside the home: criminal, child abuse, and intimate partner violence and determine whether childhood maltreatment leads to an increased risk for poly-violence perpetration. Method: Using data from a prospective cohort design study, children (ages 0-11) with documented histories of physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect (n = 676) were matched with children without such histories (n = 520) and assessed in young adulthood (average age 29). Official criminal records in conjunction with self-report data were used to assess violent outcomes. Results: Compared to the control group, individuals with histories of child abuse and/or neglect were significantly more likely to be poly-violence perpetrators, perpetrating violence in all three domains (relative risk = 1.26). All forms of childhood maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse and neglect) significantly predicted poly-violence perpetration. Conclusions: These findings expand the cycle of violence literature by combining the distinct literatures on criminal violence, child abuse, and partner violence to call attention to the phenomenon of poly-violence perpetration by maltreated children. Future research should examine the characteristics of maltreated children who become poly-violence perpetrators and mechanisms that lead to these outcomes.

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“…3 Numerous reports have described sexual abuse in the backgrounds of adult sex offenders who were either incarcerated or in treatment programs [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and juvenile sexual offenders. [15][16][17][18][19][20] However, the cross-sectional design of these studies introduced ambiguity into the meaning of these findings because retrospective data do not provide evidence of prospective risk. A 2004 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report recommended priority for research that takes an upstream approach to the problem of sexual violence by attempting to determine factors that predict violence before it occurs.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Prospective Examination of Whether Childhood Sexual Abuse Predicts Subsequent Sexual Offending

Widom

Massey

2015

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCE Childhood sexual abuse has been assumed to increase the risk for sexual offending. However, despite methodological limitations of prior research, public policies and clinical practice have been based on this assumption. OBJECTIVE To empirically examine the commonly held belief that sexually abused children grow up to become sexual offenders and specialize in sex crimes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis prospective cohort study and archival records check included cases and control individuals originally from a metropolitan county in the Midwest. Children with substantiated cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect (aged 0-11 years) were matched with children without such histories on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and approximate family social class (908 cases and 667 control individuals). Both groups were followed up into adulthood (mean age, 51 years). The court cases were from 1967 to 1971; the follow-up extended to 2013.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Criminal history information was collected from federal and state law enforcement agency records at 3 points in time and from state sex offender registries.RESULTS Overall, individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect were at increased risk for being arrested for a sex crime compared with control individuals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.38-3.40), controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Specifically, individuals with histories of physical abuse (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.16) and neglect (AOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.39-3.51) were at significantly increased risk for arrest for sex offenses, whereas for sexual abuse, the AOR (2.13; 95% CI, 0.83-5.47) did not reach significance. Physically abused and neglected males (not females) were at increased risk and physically abused males also had a higher mean number of sex crime arrests compared with control individuals. The results did not provide support for sex crime specialization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe widespread belief that sexually abused children are uniquely at risk to become sex offenders was not supported by prospective empirical evidence. These new findings suggest that early intervention programs should target children with histories of physical abuse and neglect. They also indicate that existing policies and practices specifically directed at future risk for sex offending for sexually abused children may warrant reevaluation.Among males, the cumulative hazard rate curves for abuse/ neglect overall (log-rank statistic = 8.735; df = 1; P = .003) and neglect (log-rank statistic = 8.650; df = 1; P = .003) differed from male control individuals. There was a nonsignificant trend for physically abused males (P = .06), but not for sexually abused males (P = .37). For females, there were no significant differences.

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Can We Distinguish Juvenile Violent Sex Offenders, Violent Non-sex Offenders, and Versatile Violent Sex Offenders Based on Childhood Risk Factors?

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

The Relation of Childhood Abuse Experiences to Problematic Sexual Behaviors in Male Youths Who Have Sexually Offended

The Relation of Childhood Abuse Experiences to Problematic Sexual Behaviors in Male Youths Who Have Sexually Offended

Does child abuse and neglect increase risk for perpetration of violence inside and outside the home?

A Prospective Examination of Whether Childhood Sexual Abuse Predicts Subsequent Sexual Offending

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