“…These studies have also challenged the simplistic idea that separate sports activities only reinforce bonding social capital, whereas mixed activity generates bridging social capital (Elling et al, 2001;Janssens & Verweel, 2014;Spaaij, 2012;Theeboom, Schaillée & Nols, 2012). Likewise, segregated athletic environments such as Muslim women-only sports experiences (Ahmad, 2011), adapted physical activities for people with disabilities (Ninot, Bilard & Delignières, 2005) or gay and lesbian sports clubs (Elling, De Knop & Knoppers, 2003;Watson, Tucker, L. & Drury, 2013) can provide safe spaces (Spaaij & Schulenkorf, 2014) for various groups to escape religious, sexist, homophobic and other forms of discrimination. At the same time, these practices can also become spaces for social resistance and sub-cultural celebration (Green & Chalip, 1998).…”