We have investigated ab initio the existence of localized states and resonances in abrupt GaAs/ Si/ GaAs ͑110͒-and ͑100͒-oriented heterostructures incorporating one or two monolayers ͑MLs͒ of Si, as well as in the fully developed Si/ GaAs ͑110͒ heterojunction. In ͑100͒-oriented structures, we find both valence-and conduction-band related near-band edge states localized at the Si/ GaAs interface. In the ͑110͒ systems, instead, interface states occur deeper in the valence band, the highest valence-related resonances being about 1 eV below the GaAs valence-band maximum. Using their characteristic bonding properties and atomic characters, we are able to follow the evolution of the localized states and resonances from the fully developed Si/ GaAs binary junction to the ternary GaAs/ Si/ GaAs ͑110͒ systems incorporating two or one ML͑s͒ of Si. This approach also allows us to show the link between the interface states of the ͑110͒ and ͑100͒ systems. Finally, the conditions for the existence of localized states at the Si/ GaAs ͑110͒ interface are discussed based on a Koster-Slater model developed for the interface-state problem.