Foot -related complications remain among the most common causes of hospitalization, ulceration, amputation, and reduced productivity in people with diabetes.1-3 The consistent entry point in this process involves neuropathy, which, with repetitive normal and shear stress over a prominent area, may lead to inflammation, ulceration, infection, and ultimately, amputation. Due to glycosylation of soft tissues and reduced activity, people with diabetes are at higher risk for developing foot-related deformities, which amplify this cycle. [4][5][6] This is particularly true in the Achilles tendon, 4-8 which leads to equinus deformity, increasing forefoot pressure.In addition to nonsurgical options, such as shoes, insoles, and braces, clinicians have employed prophylactic and curative procedures to prevent or heal wounds, respectively. 9,10 Clinical researchers have suggested lengthening of the Achilles tendon or gastrocnemius complex as a potentially effective means of reducing pressure, improving healing time, and potentially reducing risk for ulceration or reulceration.
11-17Extremity-focused neuroprosthetic devices have increased in popularity in the treatment of various neurological conditions, most notably in treatment of foot drop following cerebrovascular events. The purpose of this brief report was to evaluate the ability of a neuroprosthetic or functional electrical stimulator [18][19][20] (WalkAide ® , Innovative Neurotronics, Austin, TX) to modulate plantar pressure in the foot.The functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based intervention include a single channel electrical stimulator that causes dorsiflexion through stimulating peroneal nerve. The stimulator is linked to a computer via Bluetooth ® and also includes a heel tilt sensor for triggering. The authors designed a repeated-measures human performance laboratory study to evaluate four different device settings through in-shoe pressure measurements using the F-Scan ® (Tekscan, Boston, MA) in-shoe plantar pressure measurement system. The FES device was connected to the right foot for the study subject. The study was conducted on a single healthy volunteer, and five gait cycles per setting were used for data collection. The study subject walked, shod condition, at normal gait speed with set stimulation parameters per the WalkAide device setting. Plantar foot contact area and the vertical ground reaction force were collected at 100 Hz.Three outcomes were extracted using this toolbox, including (1) regression factor index (RFI), (2) magnitude of second peak plantar pressure, and (3) relative location of second peak pressure as a percentage of the stance phase. For