“…11 Th e Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity (CHIRAH) study, in a sample of children 8 to 14 years old, found that having a detectable salivary cotinine level was associated with increased risk for asthma exacerbation. 12 Population-based studies have shown that adoption and implementation of smoke-free legislation reduces asthma hospitalization rates for children. 13 Although gestation is a particularly vulnerable time for pulmonary development, the eff ects of tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory problems of children continue well beyond birth.…”