Can We Trust the Diversion Pressure as a Decision-Making Tool: Novel Technique Reveals the Truth

Kabannik, Artem; Parkhonyuk, Sergey; Korkin, Roman; Litvinets, Fedor; Dunaeva, Anna; Nikolaev, Max; Usol’tsev, D. Yu.

doi:10.2118/193180-ms

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Another application of water-hammer pressure pulsation in fracturing diagnostics involves assessing the status of fluid injection in each perforation cluster [9,23,24]. A series of signal analysis methods was employed on high-frequency water-hammer signals to derive the eigenvalues output by perforation clusters in absorbing fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

Deng,

Yi,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Diagnostic technique for hydraulic fracture based on the water-hammer pressure have been gradually highlighted owing to their cost effectiveness and simplicity. The present diagnostic models overlook the effects of fluid leak-off and natural fracture, and it is limited in naturally fractured reservoir. In this study, the location and number of hydraulic fractures are first obtained through the enhancement and cepstrum processing of a water-hammer signal. Subsequently, the water-hammer pressure within the wellbore is calculated by solving the continuity and momentum equations for the fluid. Wellbore and hydraulic fractures are considered as a hydraulic system. To estimate the fracture dimension, flow boundary conditions are imposed to the fluid leak-off, interactions between natural and hydraulic fractures, and multifracture stress shadows. Based on the results, (1) the fracturing shut-in method can be appropriately adjusted to avoid large pressure pulsations, which damage well integrity, and to obtain a clear water-hammer signal for fracture diagnosis. (2) As the perforation cluster spacing increases, the fractures on both sides first decrease and then increase, whereas the centre fracture increases consistently. (3) Natural fractures reduce the hydraulic fracture dimensions but facilitate the creation of complex fracture networks; however, this complexity cannot be increased indefinitely. (4) The minimum horizontal stress decreases the fracture dimension and a greater difference in the horizontal stress renders it easier for hydraulic fractures to cross natural fractures to create larger dimensions. (5) The field study demonstrates the practicality of our model, and optimisation measures can be recommended based on the diagnostic results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

Deng,

Yi,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Diversion is a significant hydraulic fracturing technique widely applied in the field [1][2][3][4]. Effective diversion can facilitate the formation of a more complex fracture network within the shale reservoir, thereby significantly enhancing oil and gas production [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treating pressure response, encompassing treating pressure increases and diversion pressure spikes, is the main method to diversion effectiveness by identifying the sudden pressure increases or specific pressure features [4,8,9]. The treating pressure varies with the extension and complexity of fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation between water hammer decay and the scale of the fracture network was demonstrated in the research conducted by the aforementioned scholars. In field applications, water hammer diagnosis is extensively utilized for evaluating diversion effectiveness [3,4,16,[22][23][24][25][26]. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the oscillation time is associated with diversion effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

Liu,

Yue,

Wang

et al. 2024

Processes

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Diversion is a crucial technique for effectively improving shale reservoir production by creating more complex fracture networks. Evaluating diversion effectiveness is necessary to optimize the parameters in hydraulic fracturing. Water hammer diagnostics, an emerging fracturing diagnosis technique, evaluate diversion effectiveness by analyzing water hammer signals. The water hammer attenuation, as indicated by the oscillation time, correlates with the complexity of fracture networks. However, it remains unclear whether the oscillation time is associated with diversion effectiveness. This paper elucidates the relationship between the water hammer oscillation time and diversion effectiveness by taking the probability of diversion and the treating pressure response as the evaluation criteria. Initially, a high-frequency pressure sensor was installed at the wellhead to sample the water hammer signals. Next, the oscillation times were determined using the feature extraction method. Simultaneously, the probability of diversion and the treating pressure response were calculated using the cepstrum error function and treating pressure curve, respectively. Then, the relationship between the oscillation time and diversion effectiveness was analyzed. Finally, a rapid judgment method for evaluating diversion effectiveness based on the water hammer oscillation time was proposed. The results indicated a negative correlation between the probability of diversion and the oscillation time, with higher probabilities resulting in lower oscillation times. The oscillation times exhibited a negative correlation with the treating pressure response, including the treating pressure increases and diversion pressure spikes, wherein a greater pressure differential led to lower oscillation times. Drawing from the statistics of a shale gas horizontal well in Sichuan, a better diversion effectiveness is associated with fewer oscillations, demonstrating a negative correlation between the diversion effectiveness and the oscillation time in water hammer signatures. Finally, a rapid judgment method for evaluating diversion effectiveness was proposed, utilizing the 95% confidence interval of the mean oscillation time. This paper offers useful insights into evaluating diversion performance in field cases.

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Diversion Techniques Applications in Unconventional Resources Fields

Sadykov

Baki

Mechkak

et al. 2019

SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference

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Saudi Aramco has made substantial progress in developing its unconventional gas resources with Plug and Perf (PnP) completions and multistage slickwater fracturing, with optimal production performance. Wells in Jafurah basin are generally completed with 5,000 feet horizontal lateral and up to 33 stages with 4 to 5 clusters per stage. Increasing the number of clusters per stage in such completions could lead to cost and efficiency optimization, but also increases the risk of having non-stimulated clusters, considering geomechanical heterogeneity, and without providing sufficient pumping rate. Thus introducing diversion techniques becomes a necessity in this unconventional play to optimize cluster efficiency, improve operational efficiency, and thus reduce cost. Near wellbore chemical particulates and intra-well perforation mechanical diversion techniques from degradable materials found their wide application in different unconventional assets. A mega-diversion experiment with both techniques took place in one of the wells, where a damaged section of the lateral did not allow regular PnP operations at the toe. Laboratory tests before operation ensured degradation of the material is within operational thresholds for positive isolation. The lateral section below the casing deformation (1,200 ft in the toe section) was planned with 30 clusters in one single stage, with the intrawell diversion technique. Another eight stages in 1,200 feet were attempted with a standard five cluster stages as a baseline. The remaining 2,400 feet of the lateral were stimulated with eight stages, 10 clusters per stage, and sequential application of both intrawell mechanical and near wellbore diversion technologies. Other wells in the area, which had damage in the casing, were also completed with mechanical diverters. The 1,200 ft lateral section was successfully stimulated without additional well intervention operations with a selected diversion technique. Proppant placement challenges were encountered in the regular five cluster stages with significant improvement in the subsequent 10 cluster stages introducing diversion. Positive diversion indication was confirmed by surface pressure observations and mainly proppant placement success. Multiple instances of non-typical pressure behavior were observed during placement of the mega-diversion stages. This pressure behavior is the subject of technical analysis and results will feed into the future design strategy. The intrawell mechanical diversion technique showed positive diversion indications in different wells in Saudi Arabia, with good repeatability of slickwater propped fracturing treatment success. This technique could be utilized whenever wellbore accessibility challenges are encountered, or during refracturing application cases. Both diversion technques could be used efficiently to stimulate the clusters and optimize well intervention operations, by minimizing the number of stages per well without compromising stimulated reservoir volume.

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Can We Trust the Diversion Pressure as a Decision-Making Tool: Novel Technique Reveals the Truth

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

A diagnostic model for hydraulic fracture in naturally fractured reservoir utilising water-hammer signal

Oscillation Times in Water Hammer Signatures: New Insights for the Evaluation of Diversion Effectiveness in Field Cases

Diversion Techniques Applications in Unconventional Resources Fields

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