Can You Have Your Vigorous Exercise and Enjoy It Too? Ramping Intensity Down Increases Postexercise, Remembered, and Forecasted Pleasure

Zenko, Zachary; Ekkekakis, Panteleimon; Ariely, Dan

doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0286

Cited by 123 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We also argue that SIT and HIIT are unlikely to be experienced as pleasant and enjoyable for most people and that such anticipated displeasure and effort will also damage exercise adherence [19]. Finally, we disagree that disciplinary rivalry exists and note that the previous commentary was co-authored by both physiologists and psychologists working together undertaking HIIT research [13].…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 82%

Hardcastle Takes a HIT! Commentary: Why Sprint Interval Training is Inappropriate for a Largely Sedentary population

Hardcastle¹,

Costa²

2018

Ann of Behav Sci

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CommentaryOur previous paper prompted a lively debate concerning the efficacy of sprint interval training (SIT) [1,2]. For clarification, SIT refers to protocols that involve supramaximal efforts (>100% maximal oxygen uptake) and high-intensity-intervaltraining (HIIT) involves 'vigorous' or 'near-maximal' efforts (target intensity: 80% to 100% peak heart-rate) [3]. In the current commentary, we return to the role of affect and perceived effort on exercise adherence raised in the recent commentary by Jung et al. [4]. We contend that the considerable anticipated effort required to participate in SIT and aversive psychological states experienced during such 'all out' supramaximal exercise may likely to damage adherence to such protocols.Although we recognize the health-related physiological benefits of classic SIT, which involves up to six 30-s-sprints, we agree that 'considering the need for specialized equipment and the extremely elevated level of subject motivation, this form of training may not be safe, tolerable or practical for many individuals ' [5]. Therefore, we contend that the considerable effort required to participate in classic SIT is such that it is unlikely to be experienced as pleasant and enjoyable for most people, especially those less active individuals [6].More recently researchers have proposed SIT protocols with fewer and shorter sprints than classic SIT [7][8][9]. For example, Metcalfe et al. [7] have proposed the reduced-exertion highintensity training, which involves two 'all out' 20-s-sprints, while Gillen et al. [8] have proposed a SIT protocol involving three 'all out' sprints of 20s. Despite the interesting preliminary findings regarding the health-related physiological benefits, adherence to these very-low-volume SIT protocols remains unknown. Moreover, it should be noted that these SIT protocols [7,8] were supervised in a laboratory setting. In a 'real world' setting, albeit supervised, Lunt et al. [10] reported drop-out rates were much higher in the SIT and HIIT groups compared to the walking condition (44% vs 18% respectively). Three (19%) SIT participants picked up an injury. These dropout rates are likely to be much higher in free-living HIIT and SIT programs. It is likely that high degree of effort involved explained some of the drop-out of participants from the study, which included inactive and overweight participants.We need not to refer solely to the Dual Mode model (DMM) to describe the negative affective responses to high-intensity exercise. Research has demonstrated a repeatedly negative association between perceived effort and exercise adherence [11]. We recognize that most of this evidence relates to continuous exercise protocols. However, Oliveira et al. [12] found that perceived effort predicted affective response during HIIT and Frazão et al. [13] showed a negative correlation between perceived effort and affective response during HIIT. Wood [14] also found similar declines in affect in SIT and HIIT. In our opinion the negative association between perceived effort a...

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Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 82%

Hardcastle Takes a HIT! Commentary: Why Sprint Interval Training is Inappropriate for a Largely Sedentary population

Hardcastle¹,

Costa²

2018

Ann of Behav Sci

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“…There is concern that HIIT exercise may transiently increase the risk of adverse coronary events but trials that are large enough and long enough to assess the associated risk accurately have not been completed 35. In addition, although HIIT offers a time saving alternative to moderate intensity continuous training, in previously inactive, unfit middle aged and older participants, pleasure seems to decrease as the intensity of exercise increases,36 which may negatively influence long term compliance.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in rehabilitation for chronic diseases: improving health outcomes and function

Richardson

Franklin

Moy

et al. 2019

BMJ

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Much of the burden on healthcare systems is related to the management of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although conventional outpatient cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs significantly decrease morbidity and mortality and improve function and health related quality of life for people with chronic diseases, rehabilitation programs are underused. Barriers to enrollment are multifactorial and include failure to recommend and refer patients to these services; poor communication with patients about potential benefits; and patient factors including logistical and financial barriers, comorbidities, and competing demands that make participation in facility based programs difficult. Recent advances in rehabilitation programs that involve remotely delivered technology could help deliver services to more people who might benefit. Problems with intensity, adherence, and safety of home based programs have been investigated in recent clinical trials, and larger dissemination and implementation trials are under way. This review summarizes the evidence for benefit of in-person cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. It also reviews the literature on newer developments, such as home based remotely mediated exercise programs developed to decrease cost and improve accessibility, high intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation, and alternative therapies such as tai chi and yoga for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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“…In this context, it is imperative that patients find pleasure in exercising. Yet, Zenko et al 23 clearly showed that in sedentary and low-fitness participants, pleasure reduces with increasing exercise intensity. In this sense, HIIT might negatively influence compliance and the adoption of a lifelong physically active lifestyle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, HIIT might negatively influence compliance and the adoption of a lifelong physically active lifestyle. To date, none of the published comparative HIIT and MCT trials interviewed participants about the enjoyment and attractiveness of the training protocols, but the findings from Zenko et al 23 may also hold true for cardiac patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High intensity interval training in coronary artery disease patients, is it worth the effort?

Cornelissen

Buys

Pattyn

2017

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Can You Have Your Vigorous Exercise and Enjoy It Too? Ramping Intensity Down Increases Postexercise, Remembered, and Forecasted Pleasure

Cited by 123 publications

References 19 publications

Hardcastle Takes a HIT! Commentary: Why Sprint Interval Training is Inappropriate for a Largely Sedentary population

Hardcastle Takes a HIT! Commentary: Why Sprint Interval Training is Inappropriate for a Largely Sedentary population

Advances in rehabilitation for chronic diseases: improving health outcomes and function

High intensity interval training in coronary artery disease patients, is it worth the effort?

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