Can Zinc Correction in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Improve Treatment Outcomes?

Noeparast, Amir; Verschelden, Gil

doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0094.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Zn 2+ has an important place in a variety of infections: its deficiency predispose, whereas supplementation helps treat infections. It has been suggested that Zn 2+ correction combined with nCoV treatment sustains the antiviral activity, whereas reduces the cytokine storm and nCoV RNA synthesis [32]. These data indicate that inclusion of Zn 2+ with other drugs (such as CQ or HCQ) may be e beneficial in treatment of COVID-19.…”

Section: Zinc (Zn 2+mentioning

confidence: 86%

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones? (Preprint)

Hatip‐Al‐Khatib¹,

Hatip²

2020

Preprint

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UNSTRUCTURED Background The recent COVID-19 outbreak (pandemic) has inflicted great human lives and economic losses. Aside from being abated, new surges in cases are being recorded. The sudden emergence and fulmination of the disease and its rapid spread caught the health authorities worldwide, including the developed ones, off guard, with no novel drugs available. Therefore there was no choice other than using the old drugs. Objectives This study aims to reveal the possible mechanism of action, adverse drug reactions and beneficial combination of drugs used in COVID-19 treatment Methods We undertook a comprehensive living structural review of COVID-19, searching databases, and other sources to identify literature on drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. We analyzed the sources, publication date, type, and the topic of the retrieved articles/studies in the available search machines. Results Although a great number of literature on COVID-19 deals with pathology, clinic, and epidemiological issues, few studies that tackle pharmacology and toxicology of the drugs used could be found in the literature. At least twenty six (26) drugs, alone or in various combinations, are found in the literature to be used in various countries in the world. These drugs had been used previously for other purposes but they also possess activities that could target various steps involved in the virus invasion-replication-multiplication and leaving the cell. Pharmacokinetic fundamentals had also been applied in some combination (decrease Lopnavir’s metabolism by ritonavir), but some drugs that were initially extensively used at high doses without benefiting from some of their properties are recently being abandoned (hydroxychloroquine, ionophore for Zn2+). Conclusion The literature concerning drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 lag far behind the great number of literature that discusses disease’s pathogenicity, clinical picture, and epidemiology. The World indeed had been caught unprepared for COVID-19, hence obliged to use old drugs.

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Section: Zinc (Zn 2+mentioning

confidence: 86%

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones? (Preprint)

Hatip‐Al‐Khatib¹,

Hatip²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Zn 2+ has an important place in a variety of infections: its deficiency predispose, whereas supplementation helps treat infections. It has been suggested that Zn 2+ correction combined with nCoV treatment sustains the antiviral activity, whereas reduces the cytokine storm and nCoV RNA synthesis [32]. These data indicate that the inclusion of Zn 2+ with other drugs (such as CQ or HCQ) maybe e beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19.…”

Section: Inhibitors Of Viral Proteasementioning

confidence: 87%

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones?

Hatip‐Al‐Khatib

Hatip

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The recent COVID-19 outbreak (pandemic) has inflicted great human lives and economic losses. Aside from being abated, new surges in cases are being recorded. The sudden emergence and fulmination of the disease and its rapid spread caught the health authorities worldwide, including the developed ones, off guard, with no novel drugs available. Therefore there was no choice other than using the old drugs. Objectives This study aims to reveal the possible mechanism of action, adverse drug reactions and beneficial combination of drugs used in COVID-19 treatment Methods We undertook a comprehensive living structural review of COVID-19, searching databases, and other sources to identify literature on drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. We analyzed the sources, publication date, type, and the topic of the retrieved articles/studies in the available search machines. Results Although a large number of literature on COVID-19 deals with pathology, clinic, and epidemiological issues, few studies that tackle pharmacology and toxicology of the drugs used could be found in the literature. At least twenty six (26) drugs, alone or in various combinations, are found in the literature to be used in various countries in the world. These drugs had been used previously for other purposes but they also possess activities that could target various steps involved in the virus invasion-replication-multiplication and leaving the cell. Pharmacokinetic fundamentals had also been applied in some combination (decrease Lopnavirs metabolism by ritonavir), but some drugs that were initially extensively used at high doses without benefiting from some of their properties are recently being abandoned (hydroxychloroquine, ionophore for Zn2+). Conclusion The literature concerning drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 lag far behind the great number of literature that discusses diseases pathogenicity, clinical picture, and epidemiology. The World indeed had been caught unprepared for COVID-19, hence obliged to use old drugs.

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“…Parenteral zinc + chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients may help to improve clinical outcomes and to limit the COVID-19 fatality rates. Therefore, whether zinc supplementation in combination with CQ/HCQ should be recommended for high risk or also younger patients outside of clinical trials as a prevention or treatment approach during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, should be considered only on a case-by-case basis [39,40].…”

Section: Antiviral Activities Of Zn 2+ Ions For Adults With Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn2+ Ions-Immune Virucidal activities for children and adults with preventions against 2019-nCoV and COVID-19 infection

Ishida¹

2020

J Child Adult Vaccines Immunol

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Zinc induced pediatric preventing respiratory 2019-nCoV is required that supplementation with zinc gluconate 20 mg in Zn deficient children resulted in a nearly twofold reduction of acute lower respiratory infections as well as the time to recovery. Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia. Preventing 2019-nCoV pneumonia is required that zinc supplementation alone (10 to 20 mg) for more than 3 months significantly reduces in the rate of pneumonia. zinc pediatric intake may be required to be effective range 10～20 mg/d for 2019-CoV prevention, 10～30 mg/d for reduction of COVID-19 bronchitis, and 20～30 mg/d for recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, in which Zn2+ could bind with viral surface proteins by Zn2+ions-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern. On the other hand, for aults, the zinc-homeostatic immune concentration may provide a protective role against the COVID-19 pandemic, likely by improving the host’s resistance against viral infection. 50 mg of zinc per day might provide an additional shield against the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly by increasing the host resistance to viral infection to minimize the burden of the disease. In order to prevent that an outbreak of respiratory sickness caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a serious public threat and disrupted many lives,assessing the efficacy of FDA-approved Zn-ejector drugs such as disulfiram combined with interferon to treat COVID-19 infected patients has been proposed. The key strategies for preventing lung damages include avoiding direct lung infection, altering host-virus interactions, promoting immune responses, diluting virus concentrations in lung tissues by promoting viral migration to the rest of the body, maintaining waste removal balance, protecting heart function and renal function, avoiding other infections, reducing allergic reactions and anti-inflammatory. The interactions had been found on the binding specificity by Zn2+ ions-centered tetrahedral geometric coordination of the inhibitors against 3C and 3C-like proteases. In addition, transient zinc chelation TPEN and EPDTC have been noted as preventing virus replication. Zinc-induced ROS production in COVID-19 respiratory ailment and pneumonia occurs both in children and adults. In children. ROS production in zinc (Ⅱ)-immune pediatric patient with COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia cannot be elucidated yet. In adults, zinc induced ROS generation in pulmonary COVID-19 infected cells is that alterations of ROS-producing and scavenging pathways that are caused by respiratory viral infections are implicated in inﬂammation, lung epithelial disruption, and tissue damage, and, in some cases, even pulmonary ﬁbrosis. The involvement of oxidative stress in cell deaths caused during RNA virus infection and ROS production is correlated with host cell death.

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Can Zinc Correction in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Improve Treatment Outcomes?

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones? (Preprint)

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones? (Preprint)

Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones?

Zn2+ Ions-Immune Virucidal activities for children and adults with preventions against 2019-nCoV and COVID-19 infection

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