Canaanean Flint Blades in Chalcolithic Context and the Possible Onset of the Transition to the Early Bronze Age: A Case Study from Fazael 2

Bar, Shay; Winter, Haim

doi:10.1179/033443510x12632070179423

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, the typical Chalcolithic bi-facial flint tools are almost absent while Canaanean Blades were found in all sites [20][21][22]. Canaanean Blades are characteristic of the Early Bronze Age but also occur in other sites dating to the end of the Chalcolithic [26]. Similarly, mortars are more abundant than grinding stones, setting Fazael 2, 5, and 7 apart from other Chalcolithic sites, including Fazael 1 [27].…”

Section: Archaeological Background Of Fazaelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Fazael 2 (4000–3900 BCE) as first lost wax casting workshop in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant

Rose,

Bar,

Asscher

et al. 2023

Herit Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apart from many lost wax cast metal fragments, crucible fragments and several heated sediment nodules were found at the Chalcolithic site Fazael 2 (central Jordan Valley). Petrographic investigations on the heated sediment nodules revealed many features characteristic of the Chalcolithic Southern Levantine lost wax casting moulds. Heating temperatures were assessed using infrared spectroscopy, showing that casting did not vitrify the clay fraction in the moulds. Consequently, Fazael is the first identified Chalcolithic Southern Levant production site for lost wax cast metal items. These findings confirm the existence of a metallurgical tradition with lost wax casting in the Jordan Valley parallel to the unalloyed copper metallurgy in the Northern Negev. Moreover, crucibles and heated sediment nodules are made of local ferruginous loess, a material not mentioned in previous studies on lost wax casting mould fragments. Therefore, the existence of more than one such production site must be assumed.

show abstract

Section: Archaeological Background Of Fazaelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Fazael 2 (4000–3900 BCE) as first lost wax casting workshop in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant

Rose,

Bar,

Asscher

et al. 2023

Herit Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fazael 2, 5, and 7 also yielded copper items. Interestingly, in two of the three sites (Fazael 2 and 7) Canaanean blades, a characteristic of the Early Bronze Age, were found (Pinsky 2019), although produced using Late Chalcolithic technology (Pinsky 2019; see also Bar, Winter 2010;Rowan, Levy 1994 in this regards).…”

Section: The Late Chalcolithic Of the Fazael Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Large Copper Artefacts Assemblage of Fazael, Jordan Valley

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Late Chalcolithic metallurgy developed in the southern Levant simultaneously with other crafts and new social institutions, reflecting advances in social organization, cults and technology. Until recently, copper items were mostly found in the Negev and Judean Desert, while other areas, specifically the Jordan Valley, were considered poor, with limited copper finds. Recent excavations at Late Chalcolithic Fazael in the Jordan Valley yielded dozens of copper items that allow for the first time a comprehensive study of copper items from this area. The assemblage is one of the largest of any site in the Late Chalcolithic period and includes most of the known components of the Late Chalcolithic copper industry. The current paper presents the new metallurgical discoveries from the Fazael Basin and discusses their significance to our understanding of the Late Chalcolithic copper industry.

show abstract

“…An almost complete absence of bifacial tools in all the flint assemblages is a very important indicator of the later date suggested for these sites. Furthermore, in all the sites that were extensively excavated (Fazael 2, Fazael 7 and Fazael Porath) Canaanean blades were found (e.g., Bar & Winter 2010). The presence of these blades is one of the important cultural links showing that all sites functioned at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ground stone tool assemblages at the end of the Chalcolithic period: A preliminary analysis of the Late Chalcolithic sites in the Fazael Valley

Cohen-Klonymus

Bar

2016

JLS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The very Late Chalcolithic sites of the Fazael Valley exhibit changes in settlement patterns and material culture. This paper presents the analysis of the ground stone tool assemblages of these sites, and includes the combination of attribute analysis, functional typology, and spatial and contextual analyses, allowing comparisons both between the different sites and between different phases within the sites. The assemblages of the late sites of Fazael 2 and Fazael 7 show similar use of raw materials and tool design, which is clearly different from the assemblage of the earlier typical Ghassulian Chalcolithic site of Fazael 1. In Fazael 2, two phases revealed a shift from the use of large grinding tools to mortars and small grinding tools. In both the earlier and the later phases, the separation of activity areas within the site is clear. Grinding activity in both phases is restricted to the western side of the site, while mortars and spindle whorls were found only in the south-eastern part. Finally, a comparison with Fazael 1, as well as with other Late Chalcolithic sites, such as Gilat, 'Ein Hilu and 'En Esur, show that the large number of mortars found in Fazael 2 and Fazael 7 is unique, and may hint at a shift to different subsistence strategies appearing in this region in the latest phases of the Chalcolithic period.

show abstract

Canaanean Flint Blades in Chalcolithic Context and the Possible Onset of the Transition to the Early Bronze Age: A Case Study from Fazael 2

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Identification of Fazael 2 (4000–3900 BCE) as first lost wax casting workshop in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant

Identification of Fazael 2 (4000–3900 BCE) as first lost wax casting workshop in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant

A Large Copper Artefacts Assemblage of Fazael, Jordan Valley

Ground stone tool assemblages at the end of the Chalcolithic period: A preliminary analysis of the Late Chalcolithic sites in the Fazael Valley

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About