Canadá y la crisis de Venezuela

Abstract

En los últimos años, Canadá ha salido de su zona de confort en los asuntos hemisféricos para hablar y actuar enérgicamente, como lo expresó la ministra de relaciones exteriores, Chrystia Freeland, en solidaridad con “el pueblo de Venezuela y su deseo de restaurar la democracia y los derechos humanos en Vene­zuela”. Con sus socios del Grupo de Lima, Ca­nadá impuso sanciones al régimen de Maduro, reconoció a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino y convocó a elecciones libres y justas lo antes posible. El artículo identifica posibles factores que explican la política de Canadá. La propuesta principal es que la crisis de Venezue­la presenta una combinación extraordinaria de factores nacionales e internacionales que hacen que la participación en un impulso multilate­ral y diplomático para el restablecimiento de la democracia sea una opción ambiciosa pero, sensata para Canadá. El artículo también pre­senta las críticas a esta política y analiza el tema de los derechos humanos y la promoción de la democracia en el contexto más amplio de la política exterior canadiense.

A comparative analysis of the Canadian news media portrayals of refugees from Syria and Venezuela

“…Chavez remained as President until his death in 2013, at which time Nicolas Maduro took over as President. With Chavez and Maduro as the Presidents, Venezuela has experienced an economic crisis significantly tied to the falling of oil prices, and worsened by corrupt governments (Grenier, 2019). In May 2016 President Maduro declared a state of emergency, which is why 2016 can be considered as the unofficial start of the crisis in Venezuela in terms of the situation escalating to the point of a crisis resulting in millions of people fleeing the country.…”

“…However, it is important to note that Venezuela, while a key exporter of oil to the United States, is not so to Canada. In fact, Venezuelan oil exports to the United States have traditionally been so high that Canada's oil supplies to the U.S. are in fact lower than those from Venezuela (Grenier, 2019). Thus, while the two countries have not necessarily been in competition in terms of exports, Canada has consequently been able to export more oil to the United States in the wake of the crisis in Venezuela as "Canadian oil producers have capitalized on Venezuela's economic crisis by increasing their share of the world's largest refining market" (Grenier, 2019, p. 60).…”

“…According to available estimates, during 2018 an average of 5,500 people have been leaving the country every day" (UNHCR, 2018). As per the 2016 census, there were 26,345 Venezuelans in Canada (Grenier, 2019), however this number does not differentiate nor specify the status of this population in terms of how they entered the country (as refugees, as immigrants, on student visas, etc. ).…”

Selection of the best wavelet basis for a time-varying Volterra model

“…a general basis). Previously, Fourier, Slepian, Walsh, and Legendre bases have been suggested as possible choices [2,5,71. Wavelets have also been advocated [9] for their flexibility and applicability to real-life signal characteristics.…”

“…This method assumes a slowly-varying system though and is unable to cope with rapid changes. Another approach involves the approximation of the time-variation by a weighted sum of sequences from a chosen basis [5,7].…”