Canadian Aboriginal peoples victimization, offending and its prevention: Gathering the evidence

Monchalin, Lisa

doi:10.1057/cpcs.2009.23

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These include residential instability, low levels of education, high levels of unemployment, alcohol and substance use issues, poverty, and severe family conflict. 36,38 However, in the current study, even after adjusting for many of these risk factors, Aboriginal ancestry remained independently associated with incarceration, suggesting that policing practices or other aspects of the current criminal justice system may be partly responsible.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…39–41 In the context of the overrepresentation of Aboriginal youth in the criminal justice system, key relevant structural factors include the legacy of colonization and multi-century long, state-sponsored oppression. From the expropriation of land 37 , prohibition of language and cultural practices 42 , forcible removal of Aboriginal children into Church-run residential schools in the late 1800s onwards, 43,44 to the unaddressed intergenerational trauma 38,44 , continued economic marginalization, 36,38,44 and elevated rates of substance use and poverty today, 19,36,38 a myriad of factors contribute as underlying determinants of Aboriginal overrepresentation in prison populations. Indeed, an abundance of research has identified that Aboriginal peoples continue to experience marginalization and discrimination at much higher rates than non-Aboriginal peoples, 36,45,46 which appears to be consistent with our study findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53,54 In particular, as youth in our study often engage in problematic substance use, calls have been made for the implementation of culturally tailored addiction prevention programs that target Aboriginal youth (as both have a known association with incarceration), and programs that promote healthy family dynamics and conflict resolution. 36 Actions on multiple fronts that help address the economic and social discrimination of Aboriginal youth may help this high-risk population avoid becoming entrenched in the criminal justice system, as well as mitigate the subsequent negative health impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration

et al. 2015

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Objectives Past research has identified risk factors associated with incarceration among adult Aboriginal populations; however, less is known about incarceration among street-involved Aboriginal youth. Therefore, we undertook this study to longitudinally investigate recent reports of incarceration among a prospective cohort of street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Data were collected from a cohort of street-involved, drug-using youth from September 2005 to May 2013. Multivariate generalized estimating equation analyses were employed to examine the potential relationship between Aboriginal ancestry and recent incarceration. Results Among our sample of 1050 youth, 248 (24%) reported being of aboriginal ancestry, and 378 (36%) reported being incarcerated in the previous six months at some point during the study period. In multivariate analysis controlling for a range of potential confounders including drug use patterns and other risk factors, Aboriginal ancestry remained significantly associated with recent incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.86). Conclusions Even after adjusting for drug use patterns and other risk factors associated with incarceration, this study found that Aboriginal street-involved youth were still significantly more likely to be incarcerated than their non-Aboriginal peers. Given the established harms associated with incarceration these findings underscore the pressing need for systematic reform including culturally appropriate interventions to prevent Aboriginal youth from becoming involved with the criminal justice system.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration

et al. 2015

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“…In part, many of these interrelated crime and health-related risk factors have been said to stem from residential school experiences and other policies of assimilation, and colonialism (Corrado & Cohen, 2003;Cote & Schissel, 2008;Monchalin, 2010Monchalin, , 2012. Throughout history many policies were enacted with the goals of assimilation and integration.…”

Section: Colonialism Policies Of Assimilation and Residential Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Crime and Poor Health Among Aboriginal People: The Potential for Preventative Programming

Monchalin

Marques

2020

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The purpose of this paper is to examine prevention programs, and discuss their potential for having an impact on reducing crime and poor health outcomes for Aboriginal people. A historical context is first outlined in order to provide a context for understanding the disproportionate amount of crime and related poor health outcomes affecting Aboriginal people. Risk factors for crime and health are identified, demonstrating their interrelatedness and overlapping nature, indicating that risk factors do not existing in isolation from each other. Existing crime prevention programs are subsequently discussed, paying particular attention to the intersection between evidence-based outcomes and programs offered at Aboriginal Friendship Centres. The use of prevention programs for preventing/reducing crime and related health costs (i.e. substance use/abuse, smoking, and/or addictions) has been positively established by existing research. Thus, it is suggested that these programs offered in Aboriginal centres, such as Aboriginal Friendship Centres, should be furtherexpanded and supported.

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“…Justice Murray Sinclair (1994) observed that efforts in Canada have concentrated on instructing Indigenous participants to conform to the justice system, rather than the reverse. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1996) recommended separate court systems to meet Indigenous needs, but despite scattered pilot projects, this recommendation remains largely unfulfilled (Monchalin 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Victim and Witness Interviewing in a Northern Canadian Territory: Measuring Perceptions and Practice

Chenier

Milne²,

Shawyer³

et al. 2020

J Police Crim Psych

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Police victim and witness interviewing in a northern Canadian territory with a predominantly Indigenous population was examined across two studies. In study 1, an Internet survey about interview training, practices and cross-cultural issues was completed by serving police officers (N = 37). In study 2, transcripts of interviews with Indigenous adult victims and witnesses (N = 20) were coded for the presence of various interviewing practices (e.g. question types, interruptions, talking time). Survey results showed that most officers were untrained in scientific-interviewing protocols but were aware of the general practices that constitute a competent interview (e.g. building rapport, requesting a free narrative). Most respondents indicated that cultural differences impact their interviewing style. Results of the transcript analysis showed that officers violated the 80/20 talking rule in 90% of the interviews and unproductive question types (e.g. closed yes/no) were used often. All interviews contained a request for a full account, most interviews contained elements of active listening and few interruptions were observed. These findings are discussed with reference to how interviewing and cross-cultural communication training could help police organizations who serve Indigenous populations. Future research should consider whether established international best practices for interviewing are effective in settings with Indigenous victims and witnesses.

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Canadian Aboriginal peoples victimization, offending and its prevention: Gathering the evidence

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration

Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration

Preventing Crime and Poor Health Among Aboriginal People: The Potential for Preventative Programming

Police Victim and Witness Interviewing in a Northern Canadian Territory: Measuring Perceptions and Practice

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