“…Some academics in non-Western countries have voiced the importance of teaching critical thinking or incorporating critical thinking into education (e.g. Chen, Tolmie, & Wang, 2017;Ghanizadeh, 2017;Miyazaki, 2017), and even such countries as Singapore (Lim, 2014), Malaysia (Md Zabit, 2010), Japan (Howe, 2004) and South Africa (Belluigi, 2009) have adopted critical thinking as a part of their educational objectives. While Malaysia, for example, aspires to be able to face ever-changing world by including critical thinking in soft skill courses (Md Zabit, 2010) and Singapore stipulates it as a key competency in this century (Lim, 2014), South Africa adopts critical thinking to promote responsible and critical citizens (Belluigi, 2009) since responsibility and criticality may be the most desirable values that the country needs.…”