Cancer and non-cancer risk associated with PM10-bound metals in subways

Roy, Dhrubojyoti; Lee, Tae Kwon; Seo, Yong Chil; Park, Joonhong

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102618

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In this study, the IAQ in an underground station, a representative multi-use facility, was analyzed with a focus on the particulate pollutant composition because the negative effects of metallic particle contamination have been increasingly emphasized by studies, including a study that estimated the cancer risk of PM 10 -bound metals collected in a Seoul subway cabin [38] and a study on the effect of excessive Fe exposure on immune function, with respect to the suppression of the antibody production capacity of the individual [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron oxides are useful in various fields, for example, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, soil and groundwater remediation, and photocatalysis [6,7]. Artificial generation of iron oxide contaminants and the subsequent inhalation into the human body lead to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and DNA damage in lymphocytes [8,9], as well as pathological conditions, such as tissue inflammatory response [10] and cancer [11]. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles, produced by friction between rails and wheels, have negative effects because their small size allows them to easily penetrate biological membranes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Iron Oxide from Indoor Air at a Subway Station Using a Vegetation Biofilter: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

et al. 2021

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Recently, metallic particulate pollutants floating underground have been reported to negatively affect the human body. Thus, there is an urgent need for a public health policy pertaining to the air quality in subway stations. In this study, we investigated whether a vegetation biofilter is effective in reducing metal particle contaminants, especially iron oxide. After selecting a subway station, a vegetation biofilter system was installed, and samples were collected three times, at three intake areas and one exhaust area. The average weight ratio of the detected elements was calculated. The iron oxide reduction effect was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. In the return air, C, O, and Fe were detected at 64.9, 27.3, and 5.2 wt.%, respectively; in the supply air, C, O, and Fe were detected at 67.2, 30.4, and 0.7 wt.%, respectively. The difference in the average Fe weight ratio was statistically significant. Air quality has a considerable effect on human health. We confirmed the possibility of reducing Fe in particulate matter using biofilters. However, we could not confirm whether the air quality was improved enough to not have a negative effect on the human body. This should be elucidated through follow-up studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Iron Oxide from Indoor Air at a Subway Station Using a Vegetation Biofilter: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

et al. 2021

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“…The parameter values for exposure equations are randomly selected from distributions generated from the probability density functions for individual input parameters (Roy et al, 2019c;Roy et al, 2019d;Tarafdar et al, 2018). Hence, the role of these parameters in determining the total health risk can be established using sensitivity analysis (Roy et al, 2020). Exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption are the three routes by which PAHs in the soil enter the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of those parameters in the total health risk levels can be determined through sensitivity analysis. Globally, Monte Carlo probabilistic approaches with sensitivity analysis are in common practice to estimate the human health risk levels (Roy et al, 2020;Tarafdar and Sinha, 2017a;Tarafdar and Sinha, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Human Health Risk Levels for Various Land-Use Areas in Ulsan, South Korea

Roy

Jung

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Multiplicity and complexity in sources account for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and health risk levels in industrial zones. In the present study, cancer risks (CR) for soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs were estimated and compared for the first time in seven different land-use areas adjacent to an industrial zone (Ulsan) in Korea. The entire study area has been recognized as a “low CR” zone (10−6 < value < 10−4). Hence, all land-use areas were found to have significant (>10−6) CR levels, except for an area used to store ore and iron scraps. Estimated CR levels were highest in the railroad area (RA) and traffic area (TA), followed by those in the industrial area (IA). In addition, exposure through dermal absorption (61–70%) and ingestion (21–39%) were the most common factors for CR levels in the study area. Among all health parameters, exposure duration, body weight, and open skin surface area were distinguished as most sensitive to total CR levels. Moreover, among all carcinogenic PAHs, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene were most sensitive to CR levels. Creosote, which was utilized in railroad ties in RA and vehicular exhaust emission in TA, was classified as a source of soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs. Therefore, CR levels resulting from transportation activities were found to be two to three times higher than those obtained from industrial processes. Transportation activities in urban areas mostly serve to provide rapid and comfortable carriage for commuters. However, these facilities were mostly responsible for potential carcinogen exposure. This study directly challenges the conventional perception that industrial zones are the most polluted areas, especially when compared to transportation zones in urban areas. These findings can help local and national governments to better manage resources and maintain an economic balance.

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“…Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze probabilistic uncertainty. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations combined with sensitivity analysis are commonly employed to estimate human health risks (Roy et al, 2019a, b, c, d;Roy et al, 2020;Tarafdar and Sinha, 2017a;Chawda et al, 2020). The parameter values for exposure equations are randomly selected from distributions generated from the probability density functions for individual input parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Risk Levels for Sediment- and Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Areas of South Korea

Roy

Jung

Kim

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The increasing cancer risk (CR) due to sediment- and soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of the major threats to public health. The CR of sediment- and soil-bound carcinogenic PAHs was estimated for the first time in coastal and residential areas near an industrial zone in Korea. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations and sensitivity tests were conducted to calculate the CR and to identify the most sensitive parameters. The CR was found to be highest in the coastal areas of Korea. Ulsan, which is located on the southeastern coast of Korea, was classified as a high cancer risk zone according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, while the western coast and Mohang Harbor were classified as moderate cancer risk zones. Fish consumption was identified as the main contributor (94–99%) to the total risk levels in the coastal areas. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (43–76%) and PAH levels (8–44%) in sediment were identified as the parameters that were most sensitive to the CR. In the residential area, the CR was found to be within the range of 10–6–10–4, which categorized it as a low cancer risk zone. Furthermore, the CR for residents in the industrial area was estimated to be 12 and 5 times higher than that for residents in the rural and urban areas, respectively. The exposure duration (55–85%) and skin adherence factor for soil (35–42%) were identified as the most sensitive parameters for the overall CR in the residential area. Korea generally has high fish and seafood consumption, which has been recognized as the most significant exposure route for CR in the studied coastal areas. Thus, the consumption of fish and seafood from coastal areas, especially those near Ulsan, might be responsible for the increasing number of cancer patients in Korea.

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Cancer and non-cancer risk associated with PM10-bound metals in subways

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

Removal of Iron Oxide from Indoor Air at a Subway Station Using a Vegetation Biofilter: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

Removal of Iron Oxide from Indoor Air at a Subway Station Using a Vegetation Biofilter: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Human Health Risk Levels for Various Land-Use Areas in Ulsan, South Korea

Cancer Risk Levels for Sediment- and Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Areas of South Korea

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