Cancer as a Matter of Fat: The Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Tumors

Lengyel, Ernst; Makowski, Liza; DiGiovanni, John; Kolonin, Mikhail G.

doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2018.03.004

Cited by 327 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…The medical records of patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with HNSCC in our medical center from April 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of those patients, a total of 152 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) those who had undergone FDG PET/CT for initial staging workup, (2) who had no evidence of distant metastasis on staging workup, and (3) who had received curative or palliative treatment after staging examinations. Patients were excluded according to the following exclusion criteria: (1) those who had received any type of treatment prior to the PET/CT scan, (2) who had received only supportive care with no palliative treatment, (3) who had distant organ metastasis on staging imaging studies, (4) who had a previous history of another malignancy or major abdominal surgery, and (5) who had CT images that were in appropriate for measuring adipose tissue parameters.…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, evidence demonstrated that adipose tissue can play a role as an endocrine organ, beyond merely as a simple storage organ of excessive energy, and can contribute to carcinogenesis and cancer progression . Body mass index (BMI), which can be simply calculated from weight and height, has been widely used to estimate the amount of adipose tissue and many previous studies demonstrated worse prognosis for patients with high BMI in various kinds of malignancies, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

et al. 2019

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Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to the disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We enrolled 152 HNSCC patients who underwent staging 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT). Maximum FDG uptake (standardized uptake value [SUV]) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor and volume, CT‐attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]), and FDG uptake of SAT and VAT were measured. Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to assess the relationship between the adipose tissue parameters of PET/CT and survival. Results Patients with low VAT volume and high VAT HU had significantly worse progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival than those with high VAT volume and low VAT HU. On multivariate analysis, the volume and HU of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, TNM stage, serum C‐reactive protein, maximum SUV, and TLG. Conclusion The volume and CT‐attenuation of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival in patients with HNSCC.

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Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

et al. 2019

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“…Mature adipocytes provide adipokines and lipids to cancer cells, while stromal and immune cells from adipose tissue infiltrate carcinomas and locally secrete paracrine factors within the tumor microenvironment. 6 Further research and longitudinal studies are warranted to define the specific independent and additive roles of adipokines in cancer progression and reoccurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 signature as predictor of disease progression and survival in gliomas

Vachher

Arora

Burman

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Adipose tissue is an important source of adipokines involved in anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory effects. Their involvement in certain cancers such as breast and colon cancer is known but in gliomas it remains unexplored till date. The aim of this study was to assess the status of adipokines as prognostic markers of gliomas (low grade gliomas [LGG] and glioblastoma mutiforme [GBM]). Expression status (messenger RNA [mRNA]), overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) was identified using gene expression profiling interactive analysis server. Clinicopathological analysis and correlation between different adipokines was performed using Xena server. Protein expression status was analyzed using tissue sections from the Human Protein Atlas. Out of 11 adipokines studied visfatin (NAMPT), apelin (APLN), granulin (GRN), serpin peptidase inhibitor/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) member 1 (SERPINE1), and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in both LGG and GBM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA was found be significantly upregulated only in GBM. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, and IL6 showed reduced OS as well as worst DFS for patients having higher mRNA expression in LGG. Increased expression of CCL2 showed worst OS in LGG patients while resistin (RETN) and GRN showed the worst OS in GBM patients. Higher expression of RETN, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were found to be positively correlated with shorter DFS in GBM. In the clinicopathological analysis, NAMPT, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 expressions were significantly associated between the neoplasm histological G2 and G3 grades. Furthermore, expression of NAMPT, GRN, tumor necrosis factor, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were significantly associated with histological type in LGG patients. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, CCL2, and RETN expression were found to be correlated with each other in gliomas. Finally, NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 were also found to be upregulated using immunohistochemistry in a lower grade and high grade gliomas as compared to normal cells. In conclusion, we have identified key adipokines, namely NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers that might be instrumental in the development and progression of gliomas.

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“…An important factor associated with obesity‐induced metabolic dysregulation is alterations in the adipose tissue . Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ, which apart from serving as an energy reservoir, has biochemical and metabolic functions that are implicated in cancer incidence and progression . Many groups have found that p53 levels are elevated in adipose tissue under conditions of chronic nutrient abundance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability

Kompella

Vásquez

2019

Molecular Carcinogenesis

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Obesity, defined as a state of positive energy balance with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 in adults and 95th percentile in children, is an increasing global concern. Approximately one‐third of the world's population is overweight or obese, and in the United States alone, obesity affects one in six children. Meta‐analysis studies suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of developing several types of cancer, and with poorer outcomes, especially in children. The contribution of obesity to cancer risk requires a better understanding of the association between obesity‐induced metabolic changes and its impact on genomic instability, which is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss how molecular changes during adipose tissue dysregulation can result in oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. This represents one of the many critical steps connecting obesity and cancer since oxidative DNA lesions can result in cancer‐associated genetic instability. In addition, the by‐products of the oxidative degradation of lipids (e.g., malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxynonenal, and acrolein), and gut microbiota‐mediated secondary bile acid metabolites (e.g., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), can function as genotoxic agents and tumor promoters. We also discuss how obesity can impact DNA repair efficiency, potentially contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Finally, we outline obesity‐related epigenetic changes and identify the gaps in knowledge to be addressed for the development of better therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity‐related cancers.

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Cancer as a Matter of Fat: The Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Tumors

Cited by 327 publications

References 106 publications

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 signature as predictor of disease progression and survival in gliomas

Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability

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