Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy

Liu, Tongyan; Han, Chencheng; Wang, Siwei; Fang, Panqi; Ma, Zhongliang; Xu, Lin; Yin, Rong

doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0770-1

Cited by 665 publications

(588 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Similar to their role in normal wound healing process, in the context of cancer, CAFs interaction with tumor cells occurs at several interfaces. CAFs produce ECM proteins, which prompts immunosuppression of tumor cells by recruiting immunosuppressive cells [64,65] such as monocytes and inducing immunosuppressive PD-1+ TAMs, as recently shown in breast cancer cells in vitro [66]. In addition, CAFs promote angiogenesis by producing fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in different cancers [67] as well as galectin-1 expression in gastric cancer [68].…”

Section: Cancer-associated Fibroblast (Cafs)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

et al. 2020

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The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices.

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Section: Cancer-associated Fibroblast (Cafs)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

et al. 2020

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“…Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a significant role in the development, protection, and metastasis of cancers [135]. CAFs are known to regulate tumor-associated immune cells and warrant mention [136]. Recent findings suggest that UPR signaling plays a large role in the generation of the tumor environment, including the differentiation of CAFs [137].…”

Section: Upr Signaling and Cancer-associated Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway, the Unfolded Protein Response, Modulates Immune Function in the Tumor Microenvironment to Impact Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response

Ramirez

Hernandez²,

Soto-Pantoja

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Despite advances in cancer therapy, several persistent issues remain. These include cancer recurrence, effective targeting of aggressive or therapy-resistant cancers, and selective treatments for transformed cells. This review evaluates the current findings and highlights the potential of targeting the unfolded protein response to treat cancer. The unfolded protein response, an evolutionarily conserved pathway in all eukaryotes, is initiated in response to misfolded proteins accumulating within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This pathway is initially cytoprotective, allowing cells to survive stressful events; however, prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response also activates apoptotic responses. This balance is key in successful mammalian immune response and inducing cell death in malignant cells. We discuss how the unfolded protein response affects cancer progression, survival, and immune response to cancer cells. The literature shows that targeting the unfolded protein response as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapies increases the efficacy of these drugs; however, systemic unfolded protein response targeting may yield deleterious effects on immune cell function and should be taken into consideration. The material in this review shows the promise of both approaches, each of which merits further research.

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“…triggers the survival, migration, and proliferation of the tumor cells. Also, the ECM functions as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors that contribute to the bidirectional communication of tumor cells and stoma [132,133]. Recent studies have also illustrated the correlation between CAF and ECM in the regulation of the metastatic niche and chemoresistance [134].…”

Section: Integrins and Tumorigenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Different Types of Cancers

Derakhshani¹,

Rostami²,

Taefehshokr³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is theorized that underlying genetic and epigenetic changes enable cells to proliferate out of control by escaping regulatory mechanisms. The progression of cancer is associated with increased cell proliferation, metabolic modifications, resistance to apoptosis, genetic instability, induction of angiogenesis and augmented migratory capability. Recent developments in DNA and RNA analysis have made it possible to study these genetic changes systematically. These advances have enabled us to possess a deeper knowledge of the signaling pathways and involved processes. In-depth studies of the pathways involved in carcinogenesis have led to the identification of pathways that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we provide an overview of the relevant mechanisms and pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer.

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy

Cited by 665 publications

References 139 publications

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway, the Unfolded Protein Response, Modulates Immune Function in the Tumor Microenvironment to Impact Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response

An Overview of the Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Different Types of Cancers

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