Cancer cachexia: Are we ready to take a step forward?

Crawford, Jeffrey

doi:10.1002/cncr.31126

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One of the classifications for cachexia is a BMI < 20kg/m² 48 . This syndrome is associated with deterioration of patient's quality of life 49,50 , confirming the findings of this study, in which underweight patients reported poorer global health status/quality of life after the onset of treatment, when compared to those in their normal weight range. One explanation for this deteriorated quality of life is the increased toxicity inherent to the treatment, due to loss of muscle 47 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: does individual characteristics matter?

et al. 2021

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This study aims to evaluate changes in quality of life of cancer patients at the beginning of the first and the second cycle of chemotherapy (CT) in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. We enrolled 230 patients, from a broader cohort, diagnosed with the five most frequent types of cancer (breast, colorectal, cervical, lung, and head and neck), aged 18 years or older, who were initiating CT for the first time. quality of life was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3, applied at the beginning of the first and second chemotherapy cycle. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to identify differences in quality of life between the two time points. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed using the bootstrap method to investigate potential predictors of global health Status/quality of life. There was a significant increase in patients’ emotional function scores (p < 0.001) as well as symptom scores for pain (p = 0.026), diarrhea (p = 0.018), and nausea/vomiting (p < 0.001) after initiation of CT. Widowhood was associated with improvements in the global health Status/quality of life (p = 0.028), whereas the presence of cervical cancer (p = 0.034) and being underweight (p = 0.033) were related to poorer global health status/quality of life scores. CT has detrimental effects on patients’ physical health but, on the other hand, it leads to improvements in the emotional domain. Patients’ individual characteristics at the beginning of CT are associated with changes in their quality of life. Our study could help identify these characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: does individual characteristics matter?

et al. 2021

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“…The secondary types of toxic side effects of cisplatin are gastrointestinal toxicity and hematological toxicity. The former includes nausea and vomiting (CINV), anorexia, weight loss, and diarrhea. − Among them, CINV is the most common side effect of cisplatin. More than 90% of patients develop it in the clinic.…”

Section: Clinical Toxic Side Effects Of Cisplatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Toxicological Research of the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2019

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

303

184

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Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various solid tumors in the clinic due to its high efficacy and broad spectrum. The antineoplastic activity of cisplatin is mainly due to its ability to cross-link with DNA, thus blocking transcription and replication. Unfortunately, the clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its severe, dose-dependent toxic side effects. There are approximately 40 specific toxicities of cisplatin, among which nephrotoxicity is the most common one. Other common side effects include ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, hematological toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. These side effects together reduce the life quality of patients and require lowering the dosage of the drug, even stopping administration, thus weakening the treatment effect. Few effective measures exist clinically against these side effects because the exact mechanisms of various side effects from cisplatin remain still unclear. Therefore, substantial effort has been made to explore the complicated biochemical processes involved in the toxicology of cisplatin, aiming to identify effective ways to reduce or eradicate its toxicity. This review summarizes and reviews the updated advances in the toxicological research of cisplatin. We anticipate to provide insights into the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the side effects of cisplatin and designing comprehensive therapeutic strategies involving cisplatin. OVERVIEW OF CISPLATIN1.1. Chemistry of Cisplatin. Cisplatin, chemically named cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), was synthesized by M. Peyrone in 1844 for the first time. However, this compound did not gain much scientific attention until 1965. In this year, Rosenberg found that the electrolytic product of platinum electrodes can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and was later characterized to be CDDP. 1 After more than 10 years of bench and preclinic research as well as clinical trials, CDDP was approved by the FDA in 1978 for clinical use as a chemotherapeutic agent with the name cisplatin. Since then, cisplatin has been used to treat various human malignancies, including ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and many other solid tumors. 2−4 Cisplatin is centered on a platinum atom which coordinates with two chlorine atoms and two ammonia groups to form a planar quadrilateral compound. The two chlorine atoms are on the same side (Figure 1). Initially, it was widely accepted that cisplatin enters cells by passive transport. However, studies in recent years have shown that the copper transport protein CTR1 and organic cation transporters (OCTs) also play important roles in the transport of cisplatin. 5,6 Outside cells, cisplatin is not susceptible to hydrolysis due to the high concentration of chloride ions (approximately 100 mM) in blood. Once in cells, cisplatin undergoes slow hydrolysis to form the cationic monoaqua and/or diaqua complexes (Figure 1) due to a

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“…Multiple aetiologies, including chemotherapy for cancer (Murtaza et al ., ; Jeter et al ., ), Alzheimer's disease (Sergi et al ., ; Boesveldt et al ., ), sinonasal disease and anosmia (Whitcroft et al ., ), can lead to poor appetite and potential malnutrition. Furthermore, cancer associated cachexia patients (Werner et al ., ; Baracos et al ., ; Crawford, ), could significantly benefit from development of high‐nutrient functional food products with soft texture characteristics as an aid to ease swallowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring the future of functional foods

Birch

Bonwick

2018

Int J of Food Sci Tech

129

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Consumption of functional foods suggests a strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic health disorders. This message has resonated with consumers and driven market growth. Functional food research has significantly increased over the last decade but few studies have addressed the bioavailability of active ingredients for clinical efficacy. Baked goods such as bread, biscuits and cake are popular categories for innovation due to their widespread consumption. These new developments have often impacted on organoleptic properties of the finished products and thus consumer acceptance. Blending of bioactive ingredients may overcome this deficit. However, an understanding of the role of the microbiome in health has indicated that the efficacy of functional foods is unlikely to be uniform within the population. Further growth in the functional foods market, is likely to require greater evidence of the bioavailability of active ingredients, clinical effect and support for health claims by regulators especially in the EU.

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Cancer cachexia: Are we ready to take a step forward?

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: does individual characteristics matter?

Quality of life of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: does individual characteristics matter?

Advances in Toxicological Research of the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin

Ensuring the future of functional foods

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