Cancer control in Ghana: A narrative review in global context

Abstract

Globally, cancer is likely to be ranked as the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases in the 21st century. In Ghana, estimates suggest that the disease is expected to increase continuously. The best way to address the increasing burden is through a comprehensive cancer control program. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports and, studies that seek to highlight strategies for cancer control globally and in Ghana. In consideration of literature, a search of relevant databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google, International organizations web pages, International reports, Ministry of Health of Ghana reports, and textbooks) was performed. A narrative review of the background information on this subject is provided to inform future research on cancer control. This review was conducted as part of a study to involve community pharmacists in cancer detection and prevention in Ghana.

Mapping evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana: a scoping review

“…Ghana initiated a national strategy for cancer control for the period of 2012–2016 where the program was to create breast awareness, provide education on breast cancer prevention and BSE among girls older than 18 years. Also, health professionals were to be trained every 2 to three years to offer CBE in health facilities across the country [ 53 , 54 ]. This national strategic plan has not yet been implemented [ 54 ], therefore, there is the need for the government of Ghana to implement this national policy to improve the screening practices of women and to reduce the burden of breast cancer.…”

“…Also, health professionals were to be trained every 2 to three years to offer CBE in health facilities across the country [ 53 , 54 ]. This national strategic plan has not yet been implemented [ 54 ], therefore, there is the need for the government of Ghana to implement this national policy to improve the screening practices of women and to reduce the burden of breast cancer.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nanoparticles Loading Adriamycin Based on 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan Grafting Folic Acid

“…Despite the rapid development of technology and medicine in the 21st century, cancer is still one of the major diseases that can threaten the safety and health of human life all over the world [ 1 , 2 ]. There are three kinds of traditional cancer treatments: surgical operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [ 3 ].…”

A Robust and Highly Precise Alternative against the Proliferation of Intestinal Carcinoma and Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Based on Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Nanoparticles

“…Cancer is a disease of complex pathogenesis where part of the body grows and reproduces uncontrollably, with the prospect to infest or extend to other parts of the Materials 2021, 14, 4979 2 of 10 body [1][2][3][4][5]. Accordingly, World Health Organization (WHO) reports state that the primary and secondary reasons for death in humans before the age of 70 in 91 countries is cancer [6]. In this regard, nanotechnology has been predicted to revolutionize cancer management by the early detection of cancer in vivo, its rapid molecular analysis ex vivo, and subsequent anti-cancer therapy.…”

“…In this regard, nanotechnology has been predicted to revolutionize cancer management by the early detection of cancer in vivo, its rapid molecular analysis ex vivo, and subsequent anti-cancer therapy. Nanoparticles can negatively or efficaciously target tumors according to transfer contrast agents, as well as their size and type of therapy [ 6 ]. The nanoparticle size (a) endorses them to permeate even small blood vessels and (b) augments their negative uptake in tumor cells.…”