Cancer Extracellular Vesicles: Next-Generation Diagnostic and Drug Delivery Nanotools

Palazzolo, Stefano; Memeo, Lorenzo; Hadla, Mohamad; Duzagac, Fahriye; Steffan, Agostino; Perin, Tiziana; Canzonieri, Vincenzo; Tuccinardi, Tiziano; Caligiuri, Isabella; Rizzolio, Flavio

doi:10.3390/cancers12113165

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 270 publications

(294 reference statements)

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“…Compared to other drug carriers, such as lipidosomes and viruses, EVs induce a lesser immune response, and their drug transfer efficiency is also excellent. 71 They have been used to deliver nucleic acids, proteins and small molecule drugs to targeted cells or tissues in oncotherapy. 15 , 72 , 73 For example, one study showed that EVs derived from patient body fluids can be modified by electroporation to carry exogenous siRNA and then transport the siRNA to human blood cells (monocytes and lymphocytes).…”

Section: The Application Of Tevs In Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Their Role in Immune Cells and Immunotherapy

Cai

et al. 2021

IJN

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Nowadays, tumor has been the serious threat to human health and life. To further explore the mechanism of tumor genesis and development is necessarily for developing the effective treatment strategy. Extracellular vesicles are the vesicles secreted by almost all types of cells, and they play an important part in intercellular communication by transporting their cargoes. Immune cells are the vital components of the human defense system, which defense against infection and tumor through cytotoxicity, immune surveillance, and clearance. However, via release tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, tumor could induce immune cells dysfunction to facilitate its proliferation and metastasis. Studies have shown that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play dual role on immune cells by their specific cargoes. Here, we reviewed the effects of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles on immune cells in recent years and also summarized their research progress in the tumor immunotherapy and diagnosis.

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Section: The Application Of Tevs In Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Their Role in Immune Cells and Immunotherapy

Cai

et al. 2021

IJN

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“…In an effort to reduce these toxic side effects and enhance the clinical utility of DOX, many have sought to develop nano-scale drug-delivery systems [ 12 ], with lipid-based particles being the most common particle type owing to their perceived safety. Nanomedicines offer a number of advantages over traditional drug-delivery strategies, including excellent bioavailability, prolonged stability while in circulation, improved drug solubility, an ability to shield off-target tissues from the effects of the encapsulated drugs [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and a lower risk of opsonization [ 17 , 18 ]. The enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) enables the preferential accumulation of nanoparticles within tumor tissues [ 19 ] owing to the relatively poor lymphatic drainage and dysregulated endothelial vasculature within these malignancies [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-Mediated Cavitation Enhances EGFR-Targeting PLGA-PEG Nano-Micelle Delivery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Chen

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly recurring and metastatic breast cancer with overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Herein, a series of in vitro and in vivo analyses were used to explore the therapeutic effect of EGFR-targeting nano-micelles (PLGA-PEG/DOX@anti-EGFR) combined with ultrasound-mediated cavitation (UMC). The prepared nano-micelle drug carriers have good biocompatibility and can greatly increase the drug accumulation in tumor regions, thereby reducing off-target toxicity while enhancing anti-tumor efficacy. Moreover, an in vivo analysis of the practical utility of this treatment modality was conducted by using SonoVueTM microbubbles to achieve cavitation under different power intensity levels, with an ultrasonic power intensity of 0.5 W/cm2 maximizing the intra-tumoral blood perfusion. Relative to PLGA-PEG@DOX/anti-EGFR nano-micelles treatment alone, the combination with UMC was better able to suppress tumor growth even at low concentrations. As such, combining actively targeted drug-carrier molecules with UMC represents an effective approach to enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing the adverse, systemic effects associated with DOX and other chemotherapeutic drugs, and it can be considered as a promising clinical prospect in the treatment of TNBC.

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“…Although several methods such as ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, chromatography, filtration, polymer-based precipitation, and immunoaffinity have been adopted to isolate pure exosomes without contamination, there is still a lack of consistency and agreement. 105 Isolation of exosomes along with non-exosomal materials and damaged exosomal membranes creates artifacts and alters the protein and RNA profiles. Since exosomes are obtained from a variety of sources, the composition of proteins/lipids influences the sedimentation properties and isolation.…”

Section: Factors Controlling the Biogenesis Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

Gurunathan¹,

Kang²,

Kim³

2021

IJN

221

157

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Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis of exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, and once released, exosomes transmit signals to other cells. The applications of exosomes have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing to their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through the transfer of biologically active compounds. The diverse constituents of exosomes reflect their cell of origin and their detection in biological fluids represents a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research is expanding rapidly due to the potential for clinical application to therapeutics and diagnosis. However, several aspects of exosome biology remain elusive. To discover the use of exosomes in the biomedical applications, we must better understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and function. In this comprehensive review, we describe factors involved in exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research, and discuss future perspectives.

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Cancer Extracellular Vesicles: Next-Generation Diagnostic and Drug Delivery Nanotools

Cited by 20 publications

References 270 publications

Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Their Role in Immune Cells and Immunotherapy

Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Their Role in Immune Cells and Immunotherapy

Ultrasound-Mediated Cavitation Enhances EGFR-Targeting PLGA-PEG Nano-Micelle Delivery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

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