Cancer immunotherapy in mice and humans: personal observations*

Abstract

An experiment involving active immunotherapy of leukemia in mice and its extension to human patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is described. First, anticancer activation of the immune system, how it is achieved, and observations of the central blockade of the immune system in leukemia are discussed. Clinical results of antileukemia immune activation are then presented, along with a description of new attempts to remove the immune checkpoint blockade. Personal observations are presented on possible further steps to achieving more effective active immunotherapy of cancer.